IDALIA: 7/17/2009 to 8/9/2010
LOCATION DETAILS |
Latitude: |
N 39° 41.980’ or N 39° 41’59" |
Longitude: |
W 102° 20.354’or W 102°20’21" |
Township: |
4 S |
Range: |
44 W |
Section: |
19 |
Elevation: |
1,127m (4,026 ft.) |
Datum: |
WGS 84 |
Tower Type: |
Earth Turbines Tilt-Up |
Tower Height: |
34m (112 ft.) |
Vane Offset (deg): |
+163° |
Direction Basis: |
Magnetic North |
Mag. Declination: |
7° 40' E, changing by 8' W/yr |
Symphonie S/N: |
309020391 |
Site No.: |
3902 |
CSU ALP Install Team (from left): Derrick Benallie, Todd MacDonald, Daniel Fink, Eric Rasbach, Brian Smith, Morgan Davis, Jake Renquist, and Mike Kostrzewa (taking picture).
DATA DETAILS
July 17, 2009 to August 9, 2010:
The anemometer tower was installed on July 17, 2009 and removed from the site on August 9, 2010. The site was located in a field on the lessee's property just south U.S. Highway 36 about 2.5 miles west of Idalia in Yuma County. The terrain was flat in all directions, with the lessee's home NNW of the tower site. The nearest buildings are about 265 feet away.
Data was collected using three (3) NRG #40C Calibrated Anemometers and one (1) NRG #200P Wind Vane, as follows:
- Anemometers
- 33.8 m (111 feet) heading 253°on an NRG 60" standard boom
- 33.8 m (111 feet) heading 352° on an NRG 60" standard boom
- 20.0 m (66 feet) heading 290° on an NRG 60" standard boom
- Wind Vane
- 34.7 m (114 feet) heading 250° on an NRG 13" Z-mast with the null point facing toward the tower (with a small offset)
There was also a temperature sensor at a height of 1.8 m (6 feet) on a 6" boom.
All sensors fed into an NRG Symphonie data logger. The certifications for the anemometers are as follows:
NRG #40C Calibrated Anemometers |
Anem. No. |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Height |
33.8 m |
33.8 m |
20 m |
Model No. |
1900 |
1900 |
1900 |
Serial No. |
179500087836 |
179500087808 |
179500087829 |
Calibration Date |
10/31/08 10:44:30 a.m. |
10/31/08 5:39:04 a.m. |
10/31/08 9:19:47 a.m. |
Slope |
0.760 m/s per Hz |
0.755 m/s per Hz |
0.759 m/s per Hz |
Offset |
0.33 m/s |
0.40 m/s |
0.35 m/s |
The data logger generated wind reports for each day. Using the Symphonie Data Retriever software, each day's data was complied into one large data file. A zipped file that contains all of the NRG data files and a text version of the aggregate data for all days are given below:
It is important to note that the wind direction data included in these files has already been adjusted for offset at the data logger.
Using this data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.45. For this report, a validation analysis was performed on the data. This data was filtered two ways:
- Any wind speed data where the wind speed was less than 1 m/s for 3 hours or more when the temperature was less than 2°C was deleted.
- Any wind direction data where the wind direction varied by less than 3 degrees over 3 hours when the temperature was less than 2°C was deleted.
Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data. During the period considered, there were no intervals of suspect data, so no synthetic data were added.
The summary report, the combined data files (with and without the data quality analysis), and the Windographer files (with and without the data quality analysis) are given below:
Final Wind Resource Summary
The anemometer tower was removed from the site on August 9, 2010. Highlights of the wind resource at this site for the entire monitoring period are shown below:
Data Properties |
Data Set Starts: |
7/17/2009 18:10 MST |
Data Set Ends: |
8/9/2010 10:50 |
Data Set Duration: |
13 months |
Length of Time Step: |
10 minutes |
Elevation: |
1,127m (4,026 ft.) |
Mean air density (kg/m³): |
1.087 |
Wind Power Coefficients |
Power Density at 50m: |
355 W/m² |
Wind Power Class: |
3 (Fair) |
Wind Shear Coefficients |
Power Law Exponent: |
0.241 |
Surface Roughness: |
0.408 m |
Roughness Class: |
3.17 |
Roughness Description: |
Forest |
Variable |
Height above ground |
|
|
20m (66 ft.) |
10-min. Mean wind speed (m/s) |
6.526 |
6.549 |
5.761 |
10-min Median wind speed (m/s) |
6.220 |
6.330 |
5.480 |
10-min Min. wind speed (m/s) |
0.282 |
0.282 |
0.238 |
10-min Max wind speed (m/s) |
24.730 |
24.860 |
22.460 |
10-min Standard deviation (m/s) |
|
|
|
Weibull k |
2.191 |
2.264 |
2.197 |
Weibull c (m/s) |
7.347 |
7.380 |
6.494 |
Mean power density (W/m²) |
266 |
262 |
184 |
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr) |
2,332 |
2,297 |
1,616 |
Energy pattern factor |
1.762 |
1.716 |
1.781 |
Possible records |
55,828 |
55.,828 |
55,828 |
Valid records |
54,693 |
54,777 |
54,761 |
Missing records |
|
|
|
Data recovery rate (%) |
|
|
|
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient |
0.855 |
0.850 |
0.846 |
Diurnal pattern strength |
0.029 |
0.036 |
0.052 |
Hour of peak wind speed |
21 |
21 |
15 |
Mean turbulence intensity |
|
|
|
Vertical Wind Shear, Height (m) vs Mean Wind Speed (m/s)
|
Wind Frequency Rose at 33.8 meters
|
Daily Wind Speed Profile, Hourly Mean Wind Speed (m/s) vs. Hour of the Day
|
Seasonal Wind Speed Profile, Monthly Mean Wind Speed (m/s) vs. Month
|
Seasonal Probability Distribution Function at 33.8m - Sensor A: Frequency (%) vs. Wind Speed
|
Seasonal Probability Distribution Function at 33.8m - Sensor B: Frequency (%) vs. Wind Speed
|
=
Seasonal Probability Distribution Function at 20m: Frequency (%) vs. Wind Speed |
Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.
Turbine |
Rotor
Diameter
meters |
Rotor
Power
kW |
Hub
Height
meters |
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
m/s |
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent |
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent |
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW |
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr |
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
% |
Bergey Excel-R |
6.7 |
7.5 |
33.8 |
6.53 |
11.71 |
4.98 |
2.3 |
19,900 |
30.3 |
Bergey Excel-S |
6.7 |
10 |
33.8 |
6.53 |
5.59 |
2.83 |
2.5 |
21,500 |
24.5 |
Bergey XL.1 |
2.5 |
1 |
33.8 |
6.53 |
2.15 |
7.35 |
0.3 |
3,000 |
34.0 |
Southwest Skystream 3.7 |
3.7 |
1.8 |
33.8 |
6.53 |
10.73 |
0 |
0.6 |
5,500 |
35.0 |
Southwest Whisper 500 |
4.5 |
3 |
33.8 |
6.53 |
11.61 |
6.19 |
1.1 |
9,600 |
36.5 |
Northern Power NW 100/21 |
20 |
100 |
37 |
6.68 |
10.35 |
0 |
26.8 |
234,400 |
26.8 |
Vestas V47 - 660 kW |
47 |
660 |
65 |
7.71 |
9.18 |
1.33 |
234.0 |
2,050,300 |
35.5 |
GE 1.5s |
70.5 |
1,500 |
80.5 |
8.16 |
12.06 |
9.76 |
531.6 |
4,656,800 |
35.4 |
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW |
80 |
2,000 |
100 |
8.66 |
11.42 |
7.03 |
856.9 |
7,506,200 |
42.8 |
GE 2.5xl |
100 |
2,500 |
110 |
8.90 |
8.32 |
15.77 |
1194.4 |
10,463,000 |
47.8 |
IMPORTANT: No turbine losses are included in the power, energy, and capacity factor values in the table. Typically, turbine losses can be 5-20% to account for maintenance downtime, icing/soiling and losses from other turbines in a wind farm. Users wanting to be conservative in the performance projections should multiply the power, energy, and capacity values by (1- % losses) to account for these losses.
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