PARK COUNTY SITE 2209 - COMO VICINITY
7/25/2008 through 8/17/2009
LOCATION DETAILS |
Latitude: |
N 39° 18.663' or N 39° 18' 39.78" |
Longitude: |
W 105° 50.668' or W 105° 50' 40.08" |
Map Datum: |
WGS 84 |
Basis: |
Colorado, Sixth Principal Meridian |
Township: |
8 S |
Range: |
76 W |
Section: |
36 |
Elevation: |
2,886 m (9,469 feet) |
Tower Type: |
NRG 60n XHD |
Tower Height: |
60 m (197 feet) |
Vane Offset (deg): |
165 |
Direction Basis: |
Magnetic North |
Mag. Declination: |
9° 41' E changing by 0° 7' W/year |
Site Number: |
2209 |
Symphonie S/N: |
309018287 |
DATA DETAILS
This tower was one of five included in a fleet of 60m towers that were installed by E.ON Climate & Renewables for a commercial wind study in Park County. The tower was installed on July 25, 2008 and removed on August 17, 2009. The site is located in an open field about 2.6 miles E of Como and about 0.9 miles NE of the intersection of Elkhorn Road and County Road 15. With the exception of a N/S ridge that starts about one mile SSW and across Elkhorn Road from the site, there is good access to the wind from all directions.
The following commissioning and decommissioning files were available from Park County:
In summary, data was collected initially using using three (3) NRG #40 Anemometers, three (3) Second Wind #C3 anemometers, and two (2) NRG #200P Wind Vanes, as follows:
- Anemometers
- NRG #40 (S/N 68518) at 58.5 meters heading 165° on a 68" boom
- NRG #40 (S/N 68516) at 40 meters heading 165° on a 68" boom
- NRG #40 (S/N 68357) at 20 meters heading 165° on a 90" boom
- Second Wind #C3 (S/N 5419) at 58.5 meters heading 345° on a 68" boom
- Second Wind #C3 (S/N 5421) at 40 meters heading 345° on a 68" boom
- Second Wind #C3 (S/N 5416) at 20 meters heading 345° on a 90 " boom
- Wind Vanes
- NRG #200 P at 56.5 meters heading 345° on a 68" boom with the null point facing toward the tower
- NRG #200 P at 18.5 meters heading 345° on a 90 " boom with the null point facing toward the tower
There was also an NRG 110S temperature sensor and an NRG BP-20 pressure sensor (S/N 18055258) at a height of 3 meters and voltmeter in the data logger box..
All sensors fed into an NRG Symphonie data logger. The certifications for the anemometers are as follows:
NRG #40C Calibrated Anemometers |
Anem. No. |
58.5A |
40A |
20A |
Height |
58.5 m |
40 m |
20 m |
Model No. |
1900 |
1900 |
1900 |
Serial No. |
68518 |
68516 |
68357 |
Calibration Date |
6/14/08 2:55 PM |
6/14/08 2:35 PM |
6/12/08 5:52 PM |
Slope |
0.762 m/s per Hz |
0.760 m/s per Hz |
0.760 m/s per Hz |
Offset |
0.31 m/s |
0.36 m/s |
0.36 m/s |
Original Second Wind Anemometers |
Anem. No. |
58.5B |
40B |
20B |
Height |
58.5 m |
40 m |
20 m |
Model No. |
C3 |
C3 |
C3 |
Serial No. |
5419 |
5421 |
5416 |
Slope |
0.766 m/s per Hz |
0.766 m/s per Hz |
0.766 m/s per Hz |
Offset |
0.324 m/s |
0.324 m/s |
0.324 m/s |
After about eight months, the three NRG anemometers were replaced on March 14, 2009 by three Second Wind #C3 anemometers. The existing Second Wind anemometers were also replaced. The replacement anemometer serial numbers and certifications are given in the tables below:
Second Wind Anemometer Replacements for Original NRG |
Anem. No. |
58.5A |
40A |
20A |
Height |
58.5 m |
40 m |
20 m |
Model No. |
C3 |
C3 |
C3 |
Serial No. |
8575 |
8573 |
8563 |
Slope |
0.766 m/s per Hz |
0.766 m/s per Hz |
0.766 m/s per Hz |
Offset |
0.324 m/s |
0.324 m/s |
0.324 m/s |
Second Wind Anemometer Replacements for Original |
Anem. No. |
58.5B |
40B |
20B |
Height |
58.5 m |
40 m |
20 m |
Model No. |
C3 |
C3 |
C3 |
Serial No. |
8577 |
8574 |
8564 |
Slope |
0.766 m/s per Hz |
0.766 m/s per Hz |
0.766 m/s per Hz |
Offset |
0.324 m/s |
0.324 m/s |
0.324 m/s |
The data logger generated wind reports for each day. Using the Symphonie Data Retriever software, each day's data was complied into one large data file, using the appropriate anemometer slope and offset before and after replacement. A zipped file that contains all of the NRG data files and a text version of the aggregate data for all days are given below.
It is important to note that these are the raw files DO NOT include the offsets for the wind vanes so some compensation is required.
Experienced users may also wish to download the site file used to process the raw data with the Symphonie Data Retriever software. You can find the site file for the first period with the NRG and Second Wind anemometers here and the site file for the second period with just Second Wind anemometers here.
Using this data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.45. For this data an offset of +165° was applied to both wind vane data. fields. Since the data set contains data for two or more wind speed sensors at different heights above the ground, Windographer considered the wind shear relationship between different wind speed sensors to synthesize missing data for those wind speed sensors. A best fit using the power law profile was chosen to synthesize the data. Once the wind shear relation was chosen, a daily influence on the wind shear profile was considered so that in each time step where the wind speed is known at one height but not at a different height, Windographer estimated the unknown wind speed based on the best-fit wind shear profile for the appropriate hour of the day.
Using this data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.45. For this report, a data quality analysis was performed on the data. This data was filtered two ways:
- Any wind speed data (from any anemometer) where the wind speed was less than 1 m/s at a temperature less than 2°C for 4 hours or more was deleted.
- Any wind direction data (from any wind vane) where the wind direction varied by less than 2 degrees at a temperature less than 2°C for 4 hours or more was deleted.
Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data.
A summary report, the combined data files, and the Windographer files (with and without the data quality analysis) are given below:
Final Wind Resource Summary
Highlights of the wind resource at this site for the data collection period to date are shown below:
Data Properties |
Data Set Starts: |
7/25/2008 14:20 MST |
Data Set Ends: |
8/17/2009 8:00 |
Data Set Duration: |
13 months |
Length of Time Step: |
10 minutes |
Elevation: |
2,886 m (9,469 ft) |
Mean air density (kg/m³): |
0.893 |
Wind Power Coefficients |
Power Density at 50m: |
235 W/m² |
Wind Power Class: |
2 (Marginal) |
Calculated Wind Shear Coefficients |
Power Law Exponent: |
0.0960 |
Surface Roughness: |
0.000945 m |
Roughness Class: |
0.31 |
Roughness Description: |
Rough seas |
Variable |
58.5m A |
58.5m B |
40m A |
40m B |
30m A |
30m B |
Height above ground |
58.5 m (92 ft) |
58.5 m (92 ft) |
40 m (131 ft) |
40 m (131 ft) |
20 m (66 ft) |
20 m (66 ft) |
Mean 10 min avg. wind speed (m/s) |
5.209 |
5.272 |
5.054 |
5.230 |
4.714 |
4.770 |
Median 10 min avg. wind speed (m/s) |
4.200 |
4.350 |
4.030 |
4.290 |
3.770 |
3.930 |
Standard Deviation (m/s) |
4.238 |
4.174 |
4.028 |
4.020 |
3.650 |
3.724 |
Min 10 min avg. wind speed (m/s) |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
Max 10 min avg. wind speed (m/s) |
33.99 |
33.38 |
32.09 |
32.16 |
29.68 |
29.73 |
Mean power density (W/m²) |
237 |
232 |
209 |
216 |
163 |
168 |
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr) |
2,075 |
2,036 |
1,832 |
1,889 |
1,426 |
1,469 |
Weibull k |
1.234 |
1.263 |
1.282 |
1.319 |
1.333 |
1.283 |
Weibull c (m/s) |
5.579 |
5.675 |
5.466 |
5.685 |
5.139 |
5.151 |
Energy pattern factor |
3.744 |
3.546 |
3.622 |
3.371 |
3.475 |
3.458 |
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient |
0.799 |
0.800 |
0.793 |
0.792 |
0.786 |
0.780 |
Diurnal pattern strength |
0.385 |
0.379 |
0.385 |
0.375 |
0.373 |
0.386 |
Hour of peak wind speed |
15 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
Mean turbulence intensity |
0.2518 |
0.2433 |
0.2500 |
0.2420 |
0.2536 |
0.2708 |
Possible records |
55,834 |
55,834 |
55,834 |
55,834 |
55,834 |
55,834 |
Valid records |
54,958 |
55,051 |
55,011 |
55,130 |
55,075 |
55,037 |
Missing records |
876 |
783 |
823 |
704 |
759 |
797 |
Data Recovery Rate (%) |
98.43 |
98.6 |
98.53 |
98.74 |
98.64 |
98.57 |
Total data elements |
2,456,696 |
Suspect/missing elements |
6,265 |
Data completeness (%) |
99.7 |
Wind Shear
|
Probability Distribution Function for the 58.5m Anemometer - A
Probability Distribution Function for the 58.5m Anemometer - B
Probability Distribution Function for the 40m Anemometer - A
Probability Distribution Function for the 40m Anemometer - B
Probability Distribution Function for the 20m Anemometer - A
Probability Distribution Function for the 20m Anemometer - B
|
Wind Rose at 56.5m
|
Wind Rose at 18.5m
|
Daily Wind Speed Profile
|
Seasonal Wind Speed Profile
|
Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost
Turbine |
Rotor
Diameter
meters |
Rotor
Power
kW |
Hub
Height
meters |
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
m/s |
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent |
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent |
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW |
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr |
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
% |
Bergey Excel-R |
6.7 |
7.5 |
30 |
4.93 |
43.62 |
3.51 |
1.3 |
11,600 |
17.7 |
Bergey Excel-S |
6.7 |
10 |
30 |
4.93 |
29.58 |
1.98 |
1.5 |
13,000 |
14.8 |
Bergey XL.1 |
2.5 |
1 |
30 |
4.93 |
14.64 |
5.10 |
0.2 |
1,800 |
20.4 |
Southwest Skystream 3.7 |
3.7 |
1.8 |
30 |
4.93 |
39.63 |
0 |
0.3 |
3,000 |
18.8 |
Southwest Whisper 500 |
4.5 |
3 |
30 |
4.93 |
43.36 |
4.29 |
0.6 |
5,700 |
21.6 |
Northern Power NW 100/21 |
21 |
100 |
37 |
5.03 |
39.13 |
0 |
14.7 |
128,600 |
14.7 |
Vestas V47 - 660 kW |
47 |
660 |
65 |
5.32 |
40.85 |
0.86 |
112.5 |
985,700 |
17.0 |
GE 1.5s |
70.5 |
1,500 |
80.5 |
5.43 |
46.00 |
3.61 |
230.0 |
2,014,500 |
15.3 |
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW |
80 |
2,000 |
100 |
5.56 |
45.33 |
2.12 |
368.6 |
3,228,700 |
18.4 |
GE 2.5xl |
100 |
2,500 |
110 |
5.61 |
39.92 |
4.17 |
513.5 |
4,498,100 |
20.5 |
IMPORTANT: No turbine losses are included in the power, energy, and capacity factor values in the table. Typically, turbine losses can be 5-20% to account for maintenance downtime, icing/soiling and losses from other turbines in a wind farm. Users wanting to be conservative in the performance projections should multiply the power, energy, and capacity values by (1- % losses) to account for these losses. |
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