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WALSENBURG SOUTH

6/1/2010 through 6/7/2012

LOCATION DETAILS
Latitude:
N 37° 36.894' or N 37° 36' 53.64"
Longitude:
W 104° 45.729' or W 104° 45' 43.801"
Map Datum:
WGS 84
Basis:
Colorado, Sixth Principal Meridian
Township:
28 S
Range:
66 W
Section:
15
Elevation:
1,935 m (6,348 feet)
Tower Type:
NRG Tilt-Up
Tower Height:
50 meters (164.0 feet)
Direction Basis:
Magnetic North
Mag. Declination:
8° 44' E changing by 0° 7' W/year
Site Number:
3704
Symphonie S/N:
0759

DATA DETAILS

June 1, 2010 through June 7, 2012:

This site used the 50m tower owned by the Colorado Energy Office that is intended for community wind projects. The anemometer tower was installed on June 1, 2010 and was removed on June 7, 2012.

Data was being collected using four (4) NRG #40 Anemometers and two (2) NRG #200P Wind Vanes, as follows:

  • Anemometers
    1. 49.5 meters heading 300° on an NRG 43" offset standard boom
    2. 49.5 meters heading 215° on an NRG 43" offset standard boom
    3. 30.0 meters heading 260° on an NRG 43" offset standard boom
    4. 40.2 meters heading 258° on an NRG 43" offset standard boom
  • Wind Vanes
    1. 48.5 meters heading 253° on an NRG 43" offset standard boom with the null point facing away from the tower
    2. 38.1 meters heading 150° on an NRG 43" offset standard boom with the null point facing away from the tower

There was also a temperature sensor at a height of 2.5 meters on a 6" boom, a voltmeter in the data logger box, and relative humidity at a height of 2 meters under the data logger box.

All sensors fed into an NRG Symphonie data logger. The certifications for the anemometers are as follows:

NRG #40C Calibrated Anemometers
Anem. No.
1
2
3
4
Height
49.5 m
49.5 m
30.0 m
40.2 m
Model No.
1900
1900
1900
1900
Serial No.
1795000 71318
1795000 71319
1795000 71317
1795000 78800
Calibration Date
7/3/08 6:33 PM
7/3/08 6:43 PM
7/3/08 6:23 PM
8/22/08 12:49 PM
Slope
0.758 m/s per Hz
0.761 m/s per Hz
0.759 m/s per Hz
0.757 m/s per Hz
Offset
0.34 m/s
0.34 m/s
0.33 m/s
0.40 m/s

The data logger generated wind reports for each day. Using the Symphonie Data Retriever software, each day's data was complied into one large data file. A zipped file that contains all of the NRG data files and a text version of the aggregate data for all days are given below .

Raw Wind Data Files
NRG Data Card Files
Txt Files
Walsenburg_South_3704_SDR_2010_0601_to_2011_0607.zip Walsenburg_South_3704_SDR_2010_0601_to_2012_0607.txt

It is important to note that these raw files included the offsets for the wind vanes so no compensation is required.

Experienced users may also wish to download the site file used to process the raw data with the Symphonie Data Retriever software. You can find the site file here.

From this data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed for entire data collection period using Windographer 2.46. No offset was applied to the wind vane data as none was needed. Since the data set contains data for two or more wind speed sensors at different heights above the ground, Windographer considered the wind shear relationship between different wind speed sensors to synthesize missing data for those wind speed sensors. A best fit using the power law profile was chosen to synthesize the data. Once the wind shear relation was chosen, a daily influence on the wind shear profile was considered so that in each time step where the wind speed is known at one height but not at a different height, Windographer estimated the unknown wind speed based on the best-fit wind shear profile for the appropriate hour of the day.

Using this data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer. For this analysis, a data quality analysis was performed on the data. This data was flagged for icing in two ways:

  1. Any wind speed data (from any anemometer) where the wind speed was less than 1 m/s at a temperature less than 2°C for 4 hours or more was flagged and removed from the wind resource analysis calculations
  2. Any wind direction data (from any wind vane) where the wind direction varied by less than 2 degrees at a temperature less than 2°C for 4 hours or more was flagged and removed from the wind resource analysis calculations .

The final summary report, the combined data files, and the Windographer files (with and without the data quality analysis) are given below:

Final Wind Resource Summary

Highlights of the final wind resource at this site for the data collection period are shown below:

Data Properties
Data Set Starts:
6/1/2010 14:00 MST
Data Set Ends:
6/7/2012 16:00
Data Set Duration:
24 months
Length of Time Step:
10 minutes
Elevation:
1,935 m (6,348 ft)
Mean air density (kg/m³):
0.980
Wind Power Coefficients
Power Density at 50m:
421 W/m²
Wind Power Class:
4 (Good)
Calculated Wind Shear Coefficients
Power Law Exponent:
0.144
Surface Roughness:
0.0366 m
Roughness Class:
1.17
Roughness Description:
Fallow field

 

Variable
Speed 50m - A
Speed 50m - B
Speed 40 m
Speed 30 m
Height above ground
50 m (164 ft) 50 m (164 ft) 40 m (131 ft) 30 m (98 ft)
Mean 10 min avg. wind speed (m/s)
7.166 7.317 7.035 6.711
Median 10 min avg. wind speed (m/s)
6.38 6.55 6.24 5.91
10 min. avg. standard deviation (m/s)
4.285 4.287 4.136 3.881
Min 10 min avg. wind speed (m/s)
0.34 0.34 0.4 0.33
Max 10 min avg. wind speed (m/s)
30.71 30.75 30.04 28.71
Weibull k
1.736 1.777 1.772 1.820
Weibull c (m/s)
8.051 8.233 7.914 7.571
Mean power density (W/m²)
408 423 378 324
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr)
3,571 3,703 3,313 2,836
Mean turbulence intensity
0.174 0.169 0.177 0.177
Energy pattern factor
2.261 2.202 2.218 2.187
Possible records
106,140 106,140 106,140 106,140
Valid records
104,571 104,770 104,415 105,010
Missing records
1,569 1,370 1,725 1,130
Data recovery rate (%)
98.52 98.71 98.37 98.94

 

Vertical Wind Shear, Height (m) vs Mean Wind Speed (m/s)

 

Wind Energy Rose at 49 meters

 

Wind Frequency Rose at 49 meters

 

Wind Energy Rose at 38 meters

 

Wind Frequency Rose at 38 meters

 

Daily Wind Speed Profile, Hourly Mean Wind Speed (m/s) vs. Hour of the Day

 

Seasonal Wind Speed Profile, Monthly Mean Wind Speed (m/s) vs. Month

 

Probability Distribution Function at 50m - Sensor A: Frequency (%) vs. Wind Speed

 

Probability Distribution Function at 50m - Sensor B: Frequency (%) vs. Wind Speed

 

Probability Distribution Function at 40m: Frequency (%) vs. Wind Speed

 

Probability Distribution Function at 30m: Frequency (%) vs. Wind Speed

 

Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.

Keep in mind too that listing a particular turbine doesn't imply an endorsement - not does it imply that installing a particular turbine model is feasible or recommended for a particular site. For consistency, the larger turbines are included even at sites that where they may not be practical so that one can compare the relative production of different sites.

Turbine
Rotor
Diameter
meters
Rotor
Power
kW
Hub
Height
meters
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
m/s
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
%
Bergey Excel-R
6.7
7.5
30 6.71 18.8 8.2 2.3 20,200 30.8
Bergey Excel-S
6.7
10
30 6.71 8.3 4.7 2.6 22,800 26.1
Bergey XL.1
2.5
1
30 6.71 2.0 11.8 0.4 3,100 35.2
Southwest Skystream 3.7
3.7
1.8
30 6.71 16.1 0.0 0.6 5,100 32.4
Southwest Whisper 500
4.5
3
30 6.71 18.5 10.0 1.1 9,600 36.4
Northern Power NW 100/21
21
100
37 6.89 16.6 0.0 26.2 229,500 26.2
GE 1.5s
70.5
1,500
64.7 7.55 22.9 9.0 438.0 3,837,200 29.2
GE 2.5xl
100
2,500
75 7.73 17.3 10.1 904.8 7,926,000 36.2
GE 3.0s
90
3,000
70 7.65 24.1 3.3 763.7 6,689,600 25.5
Vestas V90 - 1.8 MW
90
1,800
80 7.82 17.3 10.9 721.9 6,323,500 40.1
Vestas V90 - 2.0 MW
90
2,000
80 7.82 17.3 10.6 772.4 6,766,100 38.6
Vestas V90 - 3.0 MW 109.4 dB(A)
90
3,000
80 7.82 15.4 2.1 905.6 7,932,600 30.2
Vestas V100 - 1.8 MW
100
1,800
80 7.82 16.6 13.0 788.4 6,906,800 43.8
Vestas V100 - 2.0 MW
100
2,000
80 7.82 17.0 3.8 832.6 7,293,300 41.6
Vestas V100 - 2.6 MW
100
2,600
75 7.73 16.4 4.9 929.3 8,140,600 35.7
Vestas V112 - 3.0 MW
112
3,075
84 7.88 17.0 11.0 1,230.6 10,780,300 40.0

IMPORTANT: No turbine losses are included in the power, energy, and capacity factor values in the table. Typically, turbine losses can be 5-20% to account for maintenance downtime, icing/soiling and losses from other turbines in a wind farm. Users wanting to be conservative in the performance projections should multiply the power, energy, and capacity values by (1- % losses) to account for these losses.

 


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Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA (970) 491-7709
Last updated: June 2009
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