FOWLER
8/31/2007 to 8/21/2009
LOCATION DETAILS |
Latitude: |
N 38° 10’ 9.96" or N 38.16943° |
Longitude: |
W 104° 1’ 1.02" or W 104.017° |
Township: |
22 S |
Range: |
59 W |
Section: |
4 |
Elevation (ft.): |
4,562 |
Datum: |
WGS 84 |
Tower Type: |
NRG Tilt-Up |
Tower Height: |
20 m (65.6 ft) |
Vane Offset (deg): |
+0° |
Direction Basis: |
Magnetic North |
Mag. Declination: |
8° 44' E, changing by 7' W/yr |
Wind Explorer S/N: |
1322 |
Site No.: |
1322 |
DATA DETAILS
August 31, 2007 to August 21, 2009:
This anemometer tower was borrowed from the Western Area Power Authority (WAPA) under WAPA’s anemometer loan program.. It was installed above Fowler on the shoulders of the Arkansas River valley on August 31, 2007 and removed on August 21, 2009.
All data was collected using an NRG #40 Anemometer and NRG #200 Wind Vane mounted on a tilt-up tower at a height of 20m. This equipment fed into an NRG Wind Explorer data logger. All data plugs were sent into the Wind Powering America program for analysis. All data plug files and text versions of these files are given below.
It is important to note that the temperature was not recorded during this period.
Using this data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.45. For this report, a validation analysis was performed on the data. This data was filtered two ways:
- Any wind speed data where the wind speed was less than 1 mph for 3 hours or more was deleted.
- Any wind direction data where the wind direction varied by less than 3 degrees over 6 hours was deleted
Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data. The combined data files (with and without the validation analysis), and the Windographer files (with and without the validation analysis) are given below:
Highlights of the wind resource to date at this site are shown below:
Data Properties |
Variable |
Data Set Starts: |
8/31/2007 17:00 MDT |
Height above ground (m) |
20 |
Data Set Ends: |
8/21/2009 9:20 |
Mean wind speed (mph) |
11.347 |
Data Set Duration: |
24 months |
Median wind speed (mph) |
10.10 |
Length of Time Step: |
10 minutes |
Min wind speed (mph) |
0.0 |
Elevation (ft.): |
4,562 |
Max wind speed (mph) |
53.40 |
Calm threshold (mph): |
0 |
Mean power density (W/m²) |
177 |
Wind Power Coefficients |
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr) |
1,553 |
Power Density at 50m: |
287 W/m² |
Energy pattern factor |
2.538 |
Wind Power Class: |
2 (Marginal) |
Weibull k |
1.576 |
Wind Shear Coefficients |
Weibull c (mph) |
12.622 |
Power Law Exponent: |
0.177 |
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient |
0.775 |
Surface Roughness: |
0.0989 m |
Diurnal pattern strength |
0.234 |
Roughness Class: |
1.99 |
Hour of peak wind speed |
21 |
Roughness Description: |
Few trees |
Mean turbulence intensity |
0.2156 |
Note: The wind power density and wind power class at 50m are projections of the data from 20m. A surface roughness of 0.1 meters was assumed for this projection. This is the surface roughness for an area with a few trees. This value was then used this to calculate the roughness class and the power law exponent shown above. |
Standard deviation (mph) |
7.322 |
Frequency of calms (%) |
0 |
Total data elements |
311,334 |
Suspect/missing elements |
3,717 |
Data completeness (%) |
98.8 |
Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights, allowing for losses of about 18%. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.
Turbine |
Rotor
Diameter
meters |
Rotor
Power
kW |
Hub
Height
meters |
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph |
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent |
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent |
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW |
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr |
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
% |
Bergey Excel-R |
6.7 |
7.5 |
20 |
11.35 |
30.65 |
3.59 |
1.2 |
10,400 |
15.9 |
Bergey Excel-S |
6.7 |
10 |
20 |
11.35 |
16.98 |
2.15 |
1.3 |
11,600 |
13.3 |
Bergey XL.1 |
2.5 |
1 |
20 |
11.35 |
7.98 |
5.34 |
0.2 |
1,600 |
18.2 |
Southwest Skystream 3.7 |
3.7 |
1.8 |
20 |
11.35 |
28.63 |
0 |
0.3 |
2,900 |
18.5 |
Southwest Whisper 500 |
4.5 |
3 |
20 |
11.35 |
30.62 |
4.47 |
0.6 |
5,100 |
19.6 |
Northern Power NW 100/21 |
20 |
100 |
37 |
12.65 |
24.41 |
0 |
16.7 |
146,300 |
16.7 |
Vestas V47 - 660 kW |
47 |
660 |
65 |
13.98 |
22.31 |
1.47 |
129.2 |
1,131,500 |
19.6 |
GE 1.5s |
70.5 |
1,500 |
80.5 |
14.52 |
27.02 |
6.59 |
274.2 |
2,402,200 |
18.3 |
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW |
80 |
2,000 |
100 |
15.09 |
25.12 |
4.22 |
445.0 |
3,898,600 |
22.3 |
GE 2.5xl |
100 |
2,500 |
110 |
15.34 |
19.53 |
7.98 |
621.2 |
5,442,000 |
24.8 |
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