COLORADO ANEMOMETER LOAN PROGRAM
 

PROGRAM INFORMATION

Frequently Asked Questions
Colorado Wind Resource Maps
ALP Sites and Data
Small Wind Electric Systems: A Colorado Consumer's Guide
Small Wind Applications Guide Video
Professional Anemometry
Donations

APPLICATION INFORMATION

Program Goals
Selection Criteria
Lessee Responsibilities
Site Layout and Anchors
Tower Safety
Data Plug Replacement
Ideal Sites
Online Application
 

WIND TURBINE RESOURCES

Zoning
Equipment Information and Dealers
Financing
Links

ABOUT US

Current Personnel
Student Positions
Contact Us

LITTLE PARK (Grand Junction)

8/7/2009 to 11/20/2009

LOCATION DETAILS
Latitude:
N 38° 59.687’ or N 38° 59’41"
Longitude:
W 108° 40.588’ or W 108° 40’ 35"
Township:
12 S
Range:
101 W
Section:
22
Elevation (ft.):
6,817
Datum:
WGS 84
Tower Type:
NRG Tilt-Up
Tower Height:
20 m (65.6 ft)
Vane Offset (deg):
+120°
Direction Basis:
Magnetic North
Mag. Declination:
10° 48' E, changing by 7' W/yr
Wind Explorer S/N:
0664
Site No.:
3808

 CSU ALP Install Team (from left): Daniel Fink, Nate Davis, Eric Rasbach, Jake Renquist, Derrick Benallie, and Mike Kostrzewa (taking picture).

 

DATA DETAILS

August 7, 2009 to November 20, 2009:

The anemometer tower was installed on August 7, 2009 and finished recording on November 30, 2009. The tower was removed from the site on July 28, 2010. The site was located on a mesa above Grand Junction, just south of the Colorado National Monument in Mesa County. The site was about 9 miles SW of Grand Junction and about 3.5 miles east of Glade Park. The site was flat in all directions with the lessee's house and barn about 400 feet SSW from the anemometer. The winds wee expected to be strong from this direction.

All data was collected using an NRG #40 Calibrated Anemometer and NRG #200 Wind Vane mounted on a tilt-up tower located at a height of 20m. The certification for the anemometer is as follows:

NRG #40C Calibrated Anemometer
Model No.
1900
Serial No.
179500109740
Calibration Date
5/4/2009 5:53:08 p.m.
Slope
0.758 m/s per Hz
Offset
0.33 m/s

This equipment fed into an NRG Wind Explorer data logger. All data plugs were sent to the Colorado ALP at Colorado State University for analysis. The data plug files and text versions of these files are given below.

Raw Wind Data Files
NRG Data Plug Files
Txt Files

Highest
2 sec
Gust
mph

Gust
Date/Time
Little_Park_3808_0807_1009.A09 Little_Park_3808_0807_1009.txt
56
9/30/09 5:41
Little_Park_3808_1009_0124.A09 Little_Park_3808_1009_0124.txt
50
11/12/09 16:57

It is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset. It is also important to note that the temperature was not recorded during this period.

Note: The upwind rock anchor pulled out of the ground and the tower fell on or about 22:20 on November 20, 2009 so all data past this time should be considered suspect. A suitable solution could not be found to replace the upwind anchor so the tower was removed from the site on July 28, 2010.

Using this data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.45. For this data an offset of +120° was applied to the wind vane data. For this report, a validation analysis was performed on the data. This data was filtered two ways:

  1. Any wind speed data where the wind speed was less than 1 mph for 3 hours or more was deleted.
  2. Any wind direction data where the wind direction varied by less than 3 degrees over 6 hours was deleted

Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data. The combined data files (with and without the validation analysis), and the Windographer files (with and without the validation analysis) are given below:

Final Wind Resource Summary

The anemometer tower stopped recording on November 22, 2009 and the tower was removed from the site on July 28, 2010. Highlights of the wind resource at this site for the entire monitoring period are shown below. Note that since the wind resource was only measured for 3.5 months, the results should be viewed skeptically:

Data Properties
Variable
Data Set Starts:
8/7/2009 13:10 MST
Height above ground (m)
20
Data Set Ends:
11/22/2009 22:30
Mean 10 min avg. wind speed (mph)
7.880
Data Set Duration:
3.5 months
Median 10 min avg. wind speed (mph)
6.780
Length of Time Step:
10 minutes
Min 10 min avg. wind speed (mph)
0.740
Elevation (ft.):
6,817
Max 10 min avg. wind speed (mph)
38.31
Mean air density (kg/m³):
0.999
Mean power density (W/m²)
66
Wind Power Coefficients
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr)
579
Power Density at 50m:
105 W/m²
Energy pattern factor
3.025
Wind Power Class:
1 (Poor)
Weibull k
1.461
Wind Shear Coefficients
Weibull c (mph)
8.720
Power Law Exponent:
0.177
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient
0.779
Surface Roughness:
0.1 m
Diurnal pattern strength
0.174
Roughness Class:
2.00
Hour of peak wind speed
17
Roughness Description:
Few trees
Mean turbulence intensity
0.2533
Note: The wind power density and wind power class at 50m are projections of the data from 20m. A surface roughness of 0.1 meters was assumed for this projection. This is the surface roughness for an area with a few trees. This value was then used this to calculate the roughness class and the power law exponent shown above.
Standard deviation (mph)
5.6129
Frequency of calms (%)
0
Total data elements
45,528
Suspect/missing elements
333
Data completeness (%)
99.3

 

Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.

Turbine
Rotor
Diameter
meters
Rotor
Power
kW
Hub
Height
meters
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
%
Bergey Excel-R
6.7
7.5
20 7.88 54.03 1.07 0.6 5,300 8.1
Bergey Excel-S
6.7
10
20 7.88 31.85 0.49 0.7 5,900 6.8
Bergey XL.1
2.5
1
20 7.88 14.55 1.39 0.1 800 9.6
Southwest Skystream 3.7
3.7
1.8
20 7.88 49.58 0 0.2 1,600 9.9
Southwest Whisper 500
4.5
3
20 7.88 54.03 1.27 0.3 2,800 10.6
Northern Power NW 100/20
20
100
37 8.79 43.08 0 9.0 78,500 9.0
Vestas V47 - 660 kW
47
660
65 9.71 40.49 0.18 68.2 597,500 10.3
GE 1.5s
70.5
1,500
80.5 10.09 47.96 1.73 138.7 1,214,600 9.2
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW
80
2,000
100 10.48 46.04 1.05 246.2 2,156,400 12.3
GE 2.5xl
100
2,500
110 10.66 36.44 2.25 351.2 3,076,400 14.0

IMPORTANT: No turbine losses are included in the power, energy, and capacity factor values in the table. Typically, turbine losses can be 5-20% to account for maintenance downtime, icing/soiling and losses from other turbines in a wind farm. Users wanting to be conservative in the performance projections should multiply the power, energy, and capacity values by (1- % losses) to account for these losses.


For more information Contact Us!

 



Disclaimer | Equal Opportunity | Contact CSU
© 2008 Mechanical Engineering,
Colorado State University. All Rights Reserved.
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA (970) 491-7709
Last updated: June 2009
Email questions & comments to: michael@engr.colostate.edu
This page is Javascript enabled. Turn on Javascript to view.