ESTES PARK - 9/16/2008 to 9/16/2011
LOCATION DETAILS |
Latitude: |
N 40° 22.318’ or N 40° 22’ 19" |
Longitude: |
W 105° 29.908’ or W 105° 29’ 54" |
Township: |
5 N |
Range: |
72 W |
Section: |
Not avail. |
Elevation: |
7,577 ft. (2,309 m) |
Tower Type: |
Existing light pole |
Sensor Height: |
60 ft (18.3 m) |
Vane Offset (deg): |
+49° |
Direction Basis: |
True North |
Mag. Declination: |
9° 35' E, changing by 8' W/yr |
Wind Explorer S/N: |
1175 |
Site No.: |
4005 |
DATA DETAILS
September 16, 2008 to September 16, 2011:
An anemometer and wind vane were installed at the top of a 60 foot light pole above the softball fields in the Town of Estes Park on September 16, 2008 and were removed exactly three years later on September 16, 2011. The site was located near the fairgrounds. Prospect Mountain lies about 1.3 miles west and provided a large obstruction for wind in the town. Winds were expected to funnel down from about Longs Peak and Rocky Mountain National Park and down the valley from the west side of town. Lake Estes is about 0.2 miles north of the site.
All data was collected using an NRG #40 Anemometer and NRG #200 Wind Vane. The wind vane was mounted on a 43 inch boom to clear it from the obstructions caused by the lights on the pole. This equipment fed into an NRG Wind Explorer data logger. All data plugs were be sent to the Colorado ALP at Colorado State University for analysis. The data plug files and text versions of these files are given below.
It is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset. It is also important to note that the temperature was not recorded during this period.
Using this data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.49. For this data an offset of +49° was applied to the wind vane data. For this report, a validation analysis was performed on the data. This data was filtered two ways:
- Any wind speed data where the wind speed was less than 1 mph for 5 hours or more was deleted.
- Any wind direction data where the wind direction varied by less than 3 degrees over 6 hours was deleted
Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data. A summary report, the combined data files (with and without the validation analysis), and the Windographer files (with and without the validation analysis) are given below:
Final Wind Resource Summary
Highlights of the final wind resource assessment at this site are shown below:
Data Properties |
Variable |
Data Set Starts: |
9/16/2008 11:10 MST |
Height above ground (m) |
18.3 |
Data Set Ends: |
9/16/2011 82:20 |
Mean 10 min avg. wind speed (mph) |
9.685 |
Data Set Duration: |
3 years |
Median 10 min avg. wind speed (mph) |
9.000 |
Length of Time Step: |
10 minutes |
Min 10 min avg. wind speed (mph)
|
0.071 |
Elevation: |
7,577 ft. (2,309 m) |
Max 10 min avg. wind speed (mph) |
63.16 |
Mean air density (kg/m³): |
0.976 |
Mean power density (W/m²) |
129 |
Wind Power Coefficients |
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr) |
1,131 |
Power Density at 50m: |
187 W/m² |
Energy pattern factor |
3.261 |
Wind Power Class: |
1 (Poor) |
Weibull k |
1.133 |
Wind Shear Coefficients |
Weibull c (mph) |
10.145 |
Power Law Exponent: |
0.124 |
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient |
0.815 |
Surface Roughness: |
0.00811 m |
Diurnal pattern strength |
0.330 |
Roughness Class: |
0.740 |
Hour of peak wind speed |
13 |
Roughness Description: |
Lawn grass |
Mean turbulence intensity |
0.296 |
Note: The wind power density and wind power class at 50m are projections of the data from 18.3 m. A surface roughness of 0.008 meters was assumed for this projection. This is equal to that of lawn grass. This value was then used this to calculate the roughness class and the power law exponent shown above. |
Standard deviation (mph) |
7.705 |
Total data elements |
472,989 |
Suspect/missing elements |
9,764 |
Data completeness (%) |
97.9 |
Probability Distribution Function at 18.3 m: Frequency (%) vs. Wind Speed (mph)
|
Vertical Wind Shear, Height (m) vs Mean Wind Speed (mph)
|
Wind Frequency Rose at 18.3 meters
|
Wind Energy Rose at 18.3 meters
|
Daily Wind Speed Profile at 18.3 m, Hourly Mean Wind Speed (mph) vs. Hour of the Day
|
Seasonal Wind Speed Profile at 18.3 m, Monthly Mean Wind Speed (mph) vs. Month |
Boxplot: Seasonal Wind Speed Profile at 18.3 m, Monthly Mean Wind Speed (mph) vs. Month |
Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.
Turbine |
Rotor
Diameter
meters |
Rotor
Power
kW |
Hub
Height
meters |
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph |
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent |
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent |
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW |
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr |
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
% |
Bergey Excel-R |
6.7 |
7.5 |
18.3 |
9.68 |
43.2 |
2.6 |
1.2 |
10,800 |
16.4 |
Bergey Excel-S |
6.7 |
10 |
18.3 |
9.68 |
35.1 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
11,500 |
13.1 |
Bergey XL.1 |
2.5 |
1 |
18.3 |
9.68 |
27.0 |
3.4 |
0.2 |
1,600 |
18.4 |
Southwest Skystream 3.7 |
3.7 |
1.8 |
18.3 |
9.68 |
41.3 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
2,900 |
18.5 |
Southwest Whisper 500 |
4.5 |
3 |
18.3 |
9.68 |
43.2 |
3.0 |
0.6 |
5,300 |
20.1 |
Northern Power NW 100/21 |
20 |
100 |
37 |
10.56 |
39.3 |
0.0 |
15.9 |
139,200 |
15.9 |
Vestas V47 - 660 kW |
47 |
660 |
65 |
11.32 |
39.3 |
0.2 |
119.7 |
1,048,900 |
18.1 |
GE 1.5s |
70.5 |
1,500 |
80.5 |
11.63 |
42.5 |
3.1 |
243.4 |
2,132,400 |
16.2 |
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW |
80 |
2,000 |
100 |
11.95 |
41.7 |
1.4 |
398.4 |
3,490,400 |
19.9 |
GE 2.5xl |
100 |
2,500 |
110 |
12.10 |
38.2 |
3.8 |
559.6 |
4,902,300 |
22.4 |
IMPORTANT: No turbine losses are included in the power, energy, and capacity factor values in the table. Typically, turbine losses can be 5-20% to account for maintenance downtime, icing/soiling and losses from other turbines in a wind farm. Users wanting to be conservative in the performance projections should multiply the power, energy, and capacity values by (1- % losses) to account for these losses.
For Larimer County Residents:
County zoning codes limit the height of any structure to 40 feet unless a zoning variance is approved. Using the surface roughness and power law exponent given above, Windographer was used to project the wind speed at 40 feet (12.2m). At this height, the average wind speed is 9.21 mph and the wind power density is about 109 W per square meter of wind swept area. For residents looking to install small scale wind turbines, the table below provides the expected performance of typical home-scale wind turbines at 40 feet, WITHOUT ACCOUNTING FOR ANY TURBINE LOSSES:
Turbine |
Rotor
Diameter
meters |
Rotor
Power
kW |
Hub
Height
meters |
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph |
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent |
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent |
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW |
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr |
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
% |
Bergey Excel-R |
6.7 |
7.5 |
12.2 |
9.21 |
44.6 |
1.9 |
1.1 |
9,500 |
14.5 |
Bergey Excel-S |
6.7 |
10 |
12.2 |
9.21 |
35.6 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
10,200 |
11.6 |
Bergey XL.1 |
2.5 |
1 |
12.2 |
9.21 |
27.3 |
2.6 |
0.2 |
1,400 |
16.4 |
Southwest Skystream 3.7 |
3.7 |
1.8 |
12.2 |
9.21 |
42.5 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
2,600 |
16.8 |
Southwest Whisper 500 |
4.5 |
3 |
12.2 |
9.21 |
44.6 |
2.3 |
0.5 |
4,700 |
18.1 |
Mariah Windspire VAWT - Mfg's Spec |
1.2 |
1.2 |
12.2 |
9.21 |
42.9 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
1,100 |
10.1 |
Mariah Windspire VAWT - NWTC Normal Test |
1.2 |
1.2 |
12.2 |
9.21 |
47.7 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
1,000 |
9.2 |
Note that the table includes the expected performance from the Mariah Power Windspire vertical axis turbine using specification available from the manufacturer and from the results of a partial test that was conducted at the National Wind Technology Center near Boulder.
|