COLORADO ANEMOMETER LOAN PROGRAM
 

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ESTES PARK - 9/16/2008 to 9/16/2011

LOCATION DETAILS
Latitude:
N 40° 22.318’ or N 40° 22’ 19"
Longitude:
W 105° 29.908’ or W 105° 29’ 54"
Township:
5 N
Range:
72 W
Section:
Not avail.
Elevation:
7,577 ft. (2,309 m)
Tower Type:
Existing light pole
Sensor Height:
60 ft (18.3 m)
Vane Offset (deg):
+49°
Direction Basis:
True North
Mag. Declination:
9° 35' E, changing by 8' W/yr
Wind Explorer S/N:
1175
Site No.:
4005

DATA DETAILS

September 16, 2008 to September 16, 2011:

An anemometer and wind vane were installed at the top of a 60 foot light pole above the softball fields in the Town of Estes Park on September 16, 2008 and were removed exactly three years later on September 16, 2011. The site was located near the fairgrounds. Prospect Mountain lies about 1.3 miles west and provided a large obstruction for wind in the town. Winds were expected to funnel down from about Longs Peak and Rocky Mountain National Park and down the valley from the west side of town. Lake Estes is about 0.2 miles north of the site.

All data was collected using an NRG #40 Anemometer and NRG #200 Wind Vane. The wind vane was mounted on a 43 inch boom to clear it from the obstructions caused by the lights on the pole. This equipment fed into an NRG Wind Explorer data logger. All data plugs were be sent to the Colorado ALP at Colorado State University for analysis. The data plug files and text versions of these files are given below.

Raw Wind Data Files
NRG Data Plug Files
Txt Files

Highest
2 sec
Gust
mph

Gust
Date/Time
Estes_Park_4005_2008_0916_1107.A08
62
11/6/08 00:53
Estes_Park_4005_2008_1107_0108.A08 Estes_Park_4005_2008_1107_0108.txt
73
1/1/09 4:52
Estes_Park_4005_2009_0108_0306.A09 Estes_Park_4005_2009_0108_0306.txt
71
1/27/09 22:52
Estes_Park_4005_2009_0306_0514.A09 Estes_Park_4005_2009_0306_0514.txt
59
3/8/09 2:11
Estes_Park_4005_2009_0514_0722.A09 Estes_Park_4005_2009_0514_0722.txt
52
6/7/09 12:26
Estes_Park_4005_2009_0722_1106.A09 Estes_Park_4005_2009_0722_1106.txt
60
8/15/09 12:56
Estes_Park_4005_2009_1106_0320.A09 Estes_Park_4005_2009_1106_0320.txt
71
1/1/10 2:07
Estes_Park_4005_2010_0320_0721.A10 Estes_Park_4005_2010_0320_0721.txt
68
7/13/10 13:19
Estes_Park_4005_2010_0721_1215.A10 Estes_Park_4005_2010_0721_1215.txt
65
10/26/10 7:15
Estes_Park_4005_2010_1215_0502.A10 Estes_Park_4005_2010_1215_0502.txt
72
2/13/11 6:46
Estes_Park_4005_2011_0502_0811.A11 Estes_Park_4005_2011_0502_0811.txt
59
6/29/11 15:03
Estes_Park_4005_2011_0811_0916.A11 Estes_Park_4005_2011_0811_0916.txt
53
8/31/11 16:44

It is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset. It is also important to note that the temperature was not recorded during this period.

Using this data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.49. For this data an offset of +49° was applied to the wind vane data. For this report, a validation analysis was performed on the data. This data was filtered two ways:

  1. Any wind speed data where the wind speed was less than 1 mph for 5 hours or more was deleted.
  2. Any wind direction data where the wind direction varied by less than 3 degrees over 6 hours was deleted

Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data. A summary report, the combined data files (with and without the validation analysis), and the Windographer files (with and without the validation analysis) are given below:

Final Wind Resource Summary

Highlights of the final wind resource assessment at this site are shown below:

Data Properties
Variable
Data Set Starts:
9/16/2008 11:10 MST
Height above ground (m)
18.3
Data Set Ends:
9/16/2011 82:20
Mean 10 min avg. wind speed (mph)
9.685
Data Set Duration:
3 years
Median 10 min avg. wind speed (mph)
9.000
Length of Time Step:
10 minutes
Min 10 min avg. wind speed (mph)
0.071
Elevation:
7,577 ft. (2,309 m)
Max 10 min avg. wind speed (mph)
63.16
Mean air density (kg/m³):
0.976
Mean power density (W/m²)
129
Wind Power Coefficients
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr)
1,131
Power Density at 50m:
187 W/m²
Energy pattern factor
3.261
Wind Power Class:
1 (Poor)
Weibull k
1.133
Wind Shear Coefficients
Weibull c (mph)
10.145
Power Law Exponent:
0.124
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient
0.815
Surface Roughness:
0.00811 m
Diurnal pattern strength
0.330
Roughness Class:
0.740
Hour of peak wind speed
13
Roughness Description:
Lawn grass
Mean turbulence intensity
0.296
Note: The wind power density and wind power class at 50m are projections of the data from 18.3 m. A surface roughness of 0.008 meters was assumed for this projection. This is equal to that of lawn grass. This value was then used this to calculate the roughness class and the power law exponent shown above.
Standard deviation (mph)
7.705
Total data elements
472,989
Suspect/missing elements
9,764
Data completeness (%)
97.9

 

Probability Distribution Function at 18.3 m: Frequency (%) vs. Wind Speed (mph)

 

Vertical Wind Shear, Height (m) vs Mean Wind Speed (mph)

 

Wind Frequency Rose at 18.3 meters

 

Wind Energy Rose at 18.3 meters

 

Daily Wind Speed Profile at 18.3 m, Hourly Mean Wind Speed (mph) vs. Hour of the Day

 

Seasonal Wind Speed Profile at 18.3 m, Monthly Mean Wind Speed (mph) vs. Month

Boxplot: Seasonal Wind Speed Profile at 18.3 m, Monthly Mean Wind Speed (mph) vs. Month

Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.

Turbine
Rotor
Diameter
meters
Rotor
Power
kW
Hub
Height
meters
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
%
Bergey Excel-R
6.7
7.5
18.3
9.68
43.2
2.6
1.2
10,800
16.4
Bergey Excel-S
6.7
10
18.3
9.68
35.1
1.1
1.3
11,500
13.1
Bergey XL.1
2.5
1
18.3
9.68
27.0
3.4
0.2
1,600
18.4
Southwest Skystream 3.7
3.7
1.8
18.3
9.68
41.3
0.0
0.3
2,900
18.5
Southwest Whisper 500
4.5
3
18.3
9.68
43.2
3.0
0.6
5,300
20.1
Northern Power NW 100/21
20
100
37
10.56
39.3
0.0
15.9
139,200
15.9
Vestas V47 - 660 kW
47
660
65
11.32
39.3
0.2
119.7
1,048,900
18.1
GE 1.5s
70.5
1,500
80.5
11.63
42.5
3.1
243.4
2,132,400
16.2
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW
80
2,000
100
11.95
41.7
1.4
398.4
3,490,400
19.9
GE 2.5xl
100
2,500
110
12.10
38.2
3.8
559.6
4,902,300
22.4

IMPORTANT: No turbine losses are included in the power, energy, and capacity factor values in the table. Typically, turbine losses can be 5-20% to account for maintenance downtime, icing/soiling and losses from other turbines in a wind farm. Users wanting to be conservative in the performance projections should multiply the power, energy, and capacity values by (1- % losses) to account for these losses.

For Larimer County Residents:

County zoning codes limit the height of any structure to 40 feet unless a zoning variance is approved. Using the surface roughness and power law exponent given above, Windographer was used to project the wind speed at 40 feet (12.2m). At this height, the average wind speed is 9.21 mph and the wind power density is about 109 W per square meter of wind swept area. For residents looking to install small scale wind turbines, the table below provides the expected performance of typical home-scale wind turbines at 40 feet, WITHOUT ACCOUNTING FOR ANY TURBINE LOSSES:

Turbine
Rotor
Diameter
meters
Rotor
Power
kW
Hub
Height
meters
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
%
Bergey Excel-R
6.7
7.5
12.2
9.21
44.6
1.9
1.1
9,500
14.5
Bergey Excel-S
6.7
10
12.2
9.21
35.6
0.8
1.2
10,200
11.6
Bergey XL.1
2.5
1
12.2
9.21
27.3
2.6
0.2
1,400
16.4
Southwest Skystream 3.7
3.7
1.8
12.2
9.21
42.5
0.0
0.3
2,600
16.8
Southwest Whisper 500
4.5
3
12.2
9.21
44.6
2.3
0.5
4,700
18.1
Mariah Windspire VAWT - Mfg's Spec
1.2
1.2
12.2
9.21
42.9
0.0
0.1
1,100
10.1
Mariah Windspire VAWT - NWTC Normal Test
1.2
1.2
12.2
9.21
47.7
0.0
0.1
1,000
9.2

Note that the table includes the expected performance from the Mariah Power Windspire vertical axis turbine using specification available from the manufacturer and from the results of a partial test that was conducted at the National Wind Technology Center near Boulder.


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© 2008 Mechanical Engineering,
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Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA (970) 491-7709
Last updated: June 2009
Email questions & comments to: michael@engr.colostate.edu
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