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DURANGO/HESPERUS

11/19/2007 through 04/17/2008

LOCATION DETAILS
Latitude:
N 37° 13.753' or N 37° 13' 45"
Longitude:
W 108° 03.548′ or W 108° 3' 32"
Township:
34 N
Range:
11 W
Section:
3
Elevation (ft.):
7,641
Tower Type:
NRG Tilt-Up
Tower Height:
30 m (98.4 ft)
Vane Offset (deg):
+17
Direction Basis:
Mag. North
Mag. Declination:
10° 30' E, changing by 7' W/yr
Site Number:
3708
Wind Explorer S/N:
1175

DATA DETAILS

November 19, 2007 through April 17, 2008:

The anemometer tower was installed on November 19, 2007 in an open pasture on the grounds of Colorado State University Extension Service's San Juan Basin Research Center near Hesperus. However, the lessee was the Coordinator for the Environmental Center at Fort Lewis College in Durango.

All data was collected using an NRG #40 Anemometer and NRG #200 Wind Vane mounted on a tilt-up tower located on the landowner's property at a height of 30m. This equipment fed into an NRG Wind Explorer data logger. All data plugs were sent to the Colorado ALP at Colorado State University for analysis. All of the data plug files and text versions of these files.

Raw Wind Data Files
NRG Data Plug Files
Txt Files
Durango_3708_2008_0330_0417.a08 Durango_3708_2008_0330_0417.txt

It is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset. It is also important to note that the temperature was not recorded during this period.

From this data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.21. An offset of +17 degrees was applied to the wind vane data. A data quality analysis was performed for the data for the period from November 19, 2007 through April 17, 2008. This data was filtered two ways:

  1. Any wind speed data where the wind speed was less than 1 mph for 3 hours or more was deleted.
  2. Any wind direction data where the wind direction varied by less than 3 degrees over 6 hours was deleted

Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data. The data files (with and without the data quality analysis), and the Windographer files (with and without the data quality analysis) are given below:

Final Wind Resource Summary

The anemometer tower was removed from the site on April 17, 2009. Highlights of the wind resource at this site for the entire monitoring period are shown below:

Data Properties
Variable
Data Set Starts:
11/19/2007 14:40
Height above ground (m)
30
Data Set Ends:
4/17/2008 10:10
Mean wind speed (mph)
9.85
Data Set Duration:
4.9 months
Median wind speed (mph)
9.00
Length of Time Step:
10 minutes
Min wind speed (mph)
0.45
Elevation (ft.):
7,641
Max wind speed (mph)
40.6
Calm threshold (mph):
0
Mean power density (W/m²)
98
Wind Power Coefficients
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr)
863
Power Density at 50m:
119 W/m²
Energy pattern factor
2.373
Wind Power Class:
1 (Poor)
Weibull k
1.654
Wind Shear Coefficients
Weibull c (mph)

11.00

Power Law Exponent:
0.121
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient
0.801
Surface Roughness:
0.01 m
Diurnal pattern strength
0.186
Roughness Class:
0.780
Hour of peak wind speed
17
Roughness Description:
Rough Pasture
Mean turbulence intensity
0.180
Note: The wind power density and wind power class at 50m are projections of the data from 30m. A surface roughness of 0.01 m was assumed for this projection. This is equal to that of a rough pasture. This value was then used this to calculate the roughness class and the power law exponent shown above.
Standard deviation (mph)
6.09
Coefficient of variation (%)
61.9
Frequency of calms (%)
0
Possible records
21,573
Valid records
21,217
Invalid records
356
Data completeness (%)
98.3

 

Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights, allowing for losses of about 13%. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.

Turbine
Rotor
Diameter
meters
Rotor
Power
kW
Hub
Height
meters
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
%
Bergey Excel-R
6.7
7.5
30
9.85
36.9
1.57
0.83
7,300
11.1
Bergey Excel-S
6.7
10
30
9.85
21.1
0.45
0.90
7,900
9.0
Bergey XL.1
2.5
1
30
9.85
9.6
2.15
0.13
1,100
12.8
Southwest Skystream 3.7
3.7
1.8
30
9.85
33.1
0
0.24
2,100
13.3
Southwest Whisper 500
4.5
3
30
9.85
36.9
1.81
0.43
3,800
14.3
Northern Power NW 100/20
20
100
30
9.85
49.5
0
6.82
59,700
6.8
Vestas V47 - 660 kW
47
660
65
10.97
31.3
0.04
72.4
634,000
11.0
GE 1.5s
70.5
1,500
80.5
11.30
37.3
1.21
143
1,254,400
9.5
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW
80
2,000
100
11.65
36.2
0.33
252
2,211,300
12.6
GE 2.5xl
100
2,500
110
11.81
28.5
1.84
359
3,143,000
14.4

November 19, 2007 through March 30, 2008

Highlights of the wind resource at this site from Movember 19, 2007 through March 30, 2008 are shown below:

Data Properties
Variable
Data Set Starts:
11/19/2007 14:40
Height above ground (m)
30
Data Set Ends:
3/30/2008 12:40
Mean wind speed (mph)
9.41
Data Set Duration:
4.4 months
Median wind speed (mph)
8.70
Length of Time Step:
10 minutes
Min wind speed (mph)
0.80
Elevation (ft.):
7,641
Max wind speed (mph)
40.6
Calm threshold (mph):
0
Mean power density (W/m²)
86
Wind Power Coefficients
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr)
751
Power Density at 50m:
106 W/m²
Energy pattern factor
2.369
Wind Power Class:
1 (Poor)
Weibull k
1.638
Wind Shear Coefficients
Weibull c (mph)

10.50

Power Law Exponent:
0.14
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient
0.790
Surface Roughness:
0.01 m
Diurnal pattern strength
0.161
Roughness Class:
0.780
Hour of peak wind speed
18
Roughness Description:
Rough Pasture
Mean turbulence intensity
0.177
Standard deviation (mph)
5.83
Coefficient of variation (%)
62.0
Frequency of calms (%)
0
Actual observations
18,854
Missing observations
142
Data completeness (%)
99.3

 

Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights, allowing for losses of about 13%. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.

Turbine
Rotor
Diameter
meters
Rotor
Power
kW
Hub
Height
meters
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
%
Bergey Excel-R
6.7
7.5
30
9.41
38.7
1.1
0.7
6,400
9.8
Bergey Excel-S
6.7
10
30
9.41
22.9
0.3
0.8
7,000
8.0
Bergey XL.1
2.5
1
30
9.41
11.0
1.6
0.1
1,000
11.4
Southwest Skystream 3.7
3.7
1.8
30
9.41
34.9
0
0.2
1,900
12.0
Southwest Whisper 500
4.5
3
30
9.41
38.7
1.3
0.4
3,400
12.9
Northern Power NW 100/20
20
100
30
9.41
51.5
0
5.9
52,000
5.9
Vestas V47 - 660 kW
47
660
65
10.48
33.1
0.0
63.9
559,900
9.7
GE 1.5s
70.5
1,500
80.5
10.80
39.1
0.8
124
1,087,700
8.3
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW
80
2,000
100
11.13
38.0
0.2
225
1,969,300
11.2
GE 2.5xl
100
2,500
110
11.28
30.3
1.3
321
2,812,200
12.8

 


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Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA (970) 491-7709
Last updated: June 2009
Email questions & comments to: michael@engr.colostate.edu
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