DURANGO/HESPERUS
11/19/2007 through 04/17/2008
LOCATION DETAILS |
Latitude: |
N 37° 13.753' or N 37° 13' 45" |
Longitude: |
W 108° 03.548′ or W 108° 3' 32" |
Township: |
34 N |
Range: |
11 W |
Section: |
3 |
Elevation (ft.): |
7,641 |
Tower Type: |
NRG Tilt-Up |
Tower Height: |
30 m (98.4 ft) |
Vane Offset (deg): |
+17 |
Direction Basis: |
Mag. North |
Mag. Declination: |
10° 30' E, changing by 7' W/yr |
Site Number: |
3708 |
Wind Explorer S/N: |
1175 |
DATA DETAILS
November 19, 2007 through April 17, 2008:
The anemometer tower was installed on November 19, 2007 in an open pasture on the grounds of Colorado State University Extension Service's San Juan Basin Research Center near Hesperus. However, the lessee was the Coordinator for the Environmental Center at Fort Lewis College in Durango.
All data was collected using an NRG #40 Anemometer and NRG #200 Wind Vane mounted on a tilt-up tower located on the landowner's property at a height of 30m. This equipment fed into an NRG Wind Explorer data logger. All data plugs were sent to the Colorado ALP at Colorado State University for analysis. All of the data plug files and text versions of these files.
It is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset. It is also important to note that the temperature was not recorded during this period.
From this data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.21. An offset of +17 degrees was applied to the wind vane data. A data quality analysis was performed for the data for the period from November 19, 2007 through April 17, 2008. This data was filtered two ways:
- Any wind speed data where the wind speed was less than 1 mph for 3 hours or more was deleted.
- Any wind direction data where the wind direction varied by less than 3 degrees over 6 hours was deleted
Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data. The data files (with and without the data quality analysis), and the Windographer files (with and without the data quality analysis) are given below:
Final Wind Resource Summary
The anemometer tower was removed from the site on April 17, 2009. Highlights of the wind resource at this site for the entire monitoring period are shown below:
Data Properties |
Variable |
Data Set Starts: |
11/19/2007 14:40 |
Height above ground (m) |
30 |
Data Set Ends: |
4/17/2008 10:10 |
Mean wind speed (mph) |
9.85 |
Data Set Duration: |
4.9 months |
Median wind speed (mph) |
9.00 |
Length of Time Step: |
10 minutes |
Min wind speed (mph) |
0.45 |
Elevation (ft.): |
7,641 |
Max wind speed (mph) |
40.6 |
Calm threshold (mph): |
0 |
Mean power density (W/m²) |
98 |
Wind Power Coefficients |
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr) |
863 |
Power Density at 50m: |
119 W/m² |
Energy pattern factor |
2.373 |
Wind Power Class: |
1 (Poor) |
Weibull k |
1.654 |
Wind Shear Coefficients |
Weibull c (mph) |
11.00 |
Power Law Exponent: |
0.121 |
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient |
0.801 |
Surface Roughness: |
0.01 m |
Diurnal pattern strength |
0.186 |
Roughness Class: |
0.780 |
Hour of peak wind speed |
17 |
Roughness Description: |
Rough Pasture |
Mean turbulence intensity |
0.180 |
Note: The wind power density and wind power class at 50m are projections of the data from 30m. A surface roughness of 0.01 m was assumed for this projection. This is equal to that of a rough pasture. This value was then used this to calculate the roughness class and the power law exponent shown above.
|
Standard deviation (mph) |
6.09 |
Coefficient of variation (%) |
61.9 |
Frequency of calms (%) |
0 |
Possible records |
21,573 |
Valid records |
21,217 |
Invalid records |
356 |
Data completeness (%) |
98.3 |
Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights, allowing for losses of about 13%. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.
Turbine |
Rotor
Diameter
meters |
Rotor
Power
kW |
Hub
Height
meters |
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph |
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent |
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent |
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW |
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr |
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
% |
Bergey Excel-R |
6.7 |
7.5 |
30 |
9.85 |
36.9 |
1.57 |
0.83 |
7,300 |
11.1 |
Bergey Excel-S |
6.7 |
10 |
30 |
9.85 |
21.1 |
0.45 |
0.90 |
7,900 |
9.0 |
Bergey XL.1 |
2.5 |
1 |
30 |
9.85 |
9.6 |
2.15 |
0.13 |
1,100 |
12.8 |
Southwest Skystream 3.7 |
3.7 |
1.8 |
30 |
9.85 |
33.1 |
0 |
0.24 |
2,100 |
13.3 |
Southwest Whisper 500 |
4.5 |
3 |
30 |
9.85 |
36.9 |
1.81 |
0.43 |
3,800 |
14.3 |
Northern Power NW 100/20 |
20 |
100 |
30 |
9.85 |
49.5 |
0 |
6.82 |
59,700 |
6.8 |
Vestas V47 - 660 kW |
47 |
660 |
65 |
10.97 |
31.3 |
0.04 |
72.4 |
634,000 |
11.0 |
GE 1.5s |
70.5 |
1,500 |
80.5 |
11.30 |
37.3 |
1.21 |
143 |
1,254,400 |
9.5 |
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW |
80 |
2,000 |
100 |
11.65 |
36.2 |
0.33 |
252 |
2,211,300 |
12.6 |
GE 2.5xl |
100 |
2,500 |
110 |
11.81 |
28.5 |
1.84 |
359 |
3,143,000 |
14.4 |
November 19, 2007 through March 30, 2008
Highlights of the wind resource at this site from Movember 19, 2007 through March 30, 2008 are shown below:
Data Properties |
Variable |
Data Set Starts: |
11/19/2007 14:40 |
Height above ground (m) |
30 |
Data Set Ends: |
3/30/2008 12:40 |
Mean wind speed (mph) |
9.41 |
Data Set Duration: |
4.4 months |
Median wind speed (mph) |
8.70 |
Length of Time Step: |
10 minutes |
Min wind speed (mph) |
0.80 |
Elevation (ft.): |
7,641 |
Max wind speed (mph) |
40.6 |
Calm threshold (mph): |
0 |
Mean power density (W/m²) |
86 |
Wind Power Coefficients |
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr) |
751 |
Power Density at 50m: |
106 W/m² |
Energy pattern factor |
2.369 |
Wind Power Class: |
1 (Poor) |
Weibull k |
1.638 |
Wind Shear Coefficients |
Weibull c (mph) |
10.50 |
Power Law Exponent: |
0.14 |
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient |
0.790 |
Surface Roughness: |
0.01 m |
Diurnal pattern strength |
0.161 |
Roughness Class: |
0.780 |
Hour of peak wind speed |
18 |
Roughness Description: |
Rough Pasture |
Mean turbulence intensity |
0.177 |
|
Standard deviation (mph) |
5.83 |
Coefficient of variation (%) |
62.0 |
Frequency of calms (%) |
0 |
Actual observations |
18,854 |
Missing observations |
142 |
Data completeness (%) |
99.3 |
Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights, allowing for losses of about 13%. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.
Turbine |
Rotor
Diameter
meters |
Rotor
Power
kW |
Hub
Height
meters |
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph |
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent |
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent |
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW |
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr |
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
% |
Bergey Excel-R |
6.7 |
7.5 |
30 |
9.41 |
38.7 |
1.1 |
0.7 |
6,400 |
9.8 |
Bergey Excel-S |
6.7 |
10 |
30 |
9.41 |
22.9 |
0.3 |
0.8 |
7,000 |
8.0 |
Bergey XL.1 |
2.5 |
1 |
30 |
9.41 |
11.0 |
1.6 |
0.1 |
1,000 |
11.4 |
Southwest Skystream 3.7 |
3.7 |
1.8 |
30 |
9.41 |
34.9 |
0 |
0.2 |
1,900 |
12.0 |
Southwest Whisper 500 |
4.5 |
3 |
30 |
9.41 |
38.7 |
1.3 |
0.4 |
3,400 |
12.9 |
Northern Power NW 100/20 |
20 |
100 |
30 |
9.41 |
51.5 |
0 |
5.9 |
52,000 |
5.9 |
Vestas V47 - 660 kW |
47 |
660 |
65 |
10.48 |
33.1 |
0.0 |
63.9 |
559,900 |
9.7 |
GE 1.5s |
70.5 |
1,500 |
80.5 |
10.80 |
39.1 |
0.8 |
124 |
1,087,700 |
8.3 |
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW |
80 |
2,000 |
100 |
11.13 |
38.0 |
0.2 |
225 |
1,969,300 |
11.2 |
GE 2.5xl |
100 |
2,500 |
110 |
11.28 |
30.3 |
1.3 |
321 |
2,812,200 |
12.8 |
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