LAMAR No. 2 - 12/08/2006 through 7/21/2008
LOCATION DETAILS |
Latitude: |
N 38° 9.652' |
Longitude: |
W 102° 33.180' |
Township: |
22 S |
Range: |
46 W |
Section: |
2 |
Elevation (ft.): |
3,734 |
Tower Type: |
NRG Tilt-Up |
Tower Height: |
20 m (65.6 ft) |
Vane Offset (deg): |
+285° |
Direction Basis: |
Mag. North |
Mag. Declination: |
8° 2' E, changing by 7' W/yr |
Site Number: |
0924 |
Wind Explorer S/N: |
0924 |
DATA DETAILS
December 8, 2006 through June 5, 2007:
The anemometer tower was installed on December 8, 2006. The site is located about 5 miles north and 3 miles east of Lamar. The tower was placed on top
of a hill in a pasture with native grass. The site
should have good exposure to the wind due to its rural location and relatively flat terrain.
All data was collected using an NRG #40 Anemometer and NRG #200P Wind Vane mounted on a tilt-up tower located on the landowner's property at a height of 20m. This equipment fed into an NRG Wind Explorer data logger. Three data plugs were sent into the Governor's Energy Office and then to the University of North Dakota for analysis. The data plug files and text versions of these files are given below.
Raw Wind Data Files |
NRG Data Plug Files |
Txt Files |
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It is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset. It is also important to note that the temperature was not recorded during this period.
No data analysis was performed on this data by UND and no wind resource summary reports were generated.
June 5, 2007 through July 21, 2008:
CSU was chosen as the contractor for the program on September 14, 2007. Data collected since is given below:
Again, it is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset or temperature.
From all of the data collected for this site, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.13. For this data, an offset of +285 degrees was applied to the wind vane data. For this report, a data validation analysis similar to the UND analysis was performed on all the data. This data was filtered two ways:
- Any wind speed data where the wind speed was less than 1 mph for 2 hours or more was deleted.
- Any wind direction data where the wind direction varied by less than 3 degrees over 15 hours was deleted
Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data. The summary report, the combined data files (with and without data validation), and the Windographer files (with and without data validation) are given below:
Note: Wind direction data is invalid. Upon removing the tower, the wind vane was discovered to be wired incorrectly.
Current Wind Resource Summary
The anemometer was removed from the site on July 21, 2008. Highlights of the wind resource at this site for the entire measurement period are shown below:
Data Properties |
Variable |
Data Set Starts: |
12/08/2006 13:00 MST |
Height above ground (m) |
20 |
Data Set Ends: |
7/21/2008 15:20 |
Mean wind speed (mph) |
12.15 |
Data Set Duration: |
19 months |
Median wind speed (mph) |
10.70 |
Length of Time Step: |
10 minutes |
Min wind speed (mph) |
0.48 |
Elevation (ft.): |
3,734 |
Max wind speed (mph) |
69.6 |
Mean air density (kg/m³):
|
1.096 |
Mean power density (W/m²) |
217 |
Wind Power Coefficients |
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr) |
1,898 |
Power Density at 50m: |
306 W/m² |
Energy pattern factor |
2.466 |
Wind Power Class: |
3 (Fair) |
Weibull k |
1.702 |
Wind Shear Coefficients |
Weibull c (mph) |
13.64
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Power Law Exponent: |
0.126 |
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient |
0.835 |
Surface Roughness: |
0.01 m |
Diurnal pattern strength |
0.148 |
Roughness Class: |
0.780 |
Hour of peak wind speed |
17 |
Roughness Description: |
Rough Pasture |
Mean turbulence intensity |
0.163 |
Note: The wind power density and wind power class at 50m are projections of the data from 20m. A surface roughness of 0.01 meters was assumed for this projection. This is equal to terrain of rough pasture. This value was then used this to calculate the roughness class and the power law exponent shown above.
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Standard deviation (mph) |
7.50 |
Coefficient of variation (%) |
61.7 |
Frequency of calms (%) |
0.00 |
Possible records |
85,118 |
Valid records |
83,931 |
Missing records |
1,187 |
Data recovery rate (%) |
98.6 |
Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights, allowing for losses of about 13%. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.
Turbine |
Rotor
Diameter
meters |
Rotor
Power
kW |
Hub
Height
meters |
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph |
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent |
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent |
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW |
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr |
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
% |
Bergey Excel-R |
6.7 |
7.5 |
20 |
12.14 |
25.22 |
4.04 |
1.37 |
12,000 |
18.2 |
Bergey Excel-S |
6.7 |
10 |
20 |
12.14 |
12.24 |
2.68 |
1.55 |
13,500 |
15.5 |
Bergey XL.1 |
2.5 |
1 |
20 |
12.14 |
4.09 |
6.10 |
0.21 |
1,900 |
21.1 |
Southwest Skystream 3.7 |
3.7 |
1.8 |
20 |
12.14 |
23.63 |
0 |
0.39 |
3,400 |
21.6 |
Southwest Whisper 500 |
4.5 |
3 |
20 |
12.14 |
25.10 |
5.04 |
0.68 |
5,900 |
22.6 |
Northern Power NW 100/20 |
20 |
100 |
25 |
12.53 |
36.68 |
0 |
13.5 |
118,300 |
13.5 |
Vestas V47 - 660 kW |
47 |
660 |
65 |
14.32 |
17.78 |
1.55 |
138 |
1,205,200 |
20.8 |
GE 1.5s |
70.5 |
1,500 |
80.5 |
14.76 |
23.07 |
6.28 |
285 |
2,498,500 |
19.0 |
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW |
80 |
2,000 |
100 |
15.21 |
22.14 |
4.09 |
460 |
4,031,300 |
23.0 |
GE 2.5xl |
100 |
2,500 |
110 |
15.42 |
16.30 |
7.29 |
640 |
5,605,700 |
25.6 |
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