PAONIA - 08/06/2004 through 08/10/2005
LOCATION DETAILS |
Latitude: |
N 38° 52’ 44” |
Longitude: |
W 107° 35’ 10” |
Township: |
13 S |
Range: |
91 W |
Section: |
32 |
Elevation (ft.): |
5,705 |
Tower Type: |
NRG Tilt-Up |
Tower Height: |
20 m (65.6 ft) |
Vane Offset (deg): |
+200° |
Direction Basis: |
Unknown |
Mag. Declination: |
10° 56' E, changing by 7' W/yr |
Site Number: |
0663 |
Wind Explorer S/N: |
0663 |
DATA DETAILS
August 6, 2004 through August 10, 2005:
The anemometer tower was installed on August 6, 2004. The site was approximately 3/4 mile north of the town of Paonia. The tower was located next to a campground. The sensors were mounted approximately 30 feet below the top of the tower. A small wind turbine was installed at the top of the tower. Trees and buildings surround the site. All data was collected using an NRG #40 Anemometer and NRG #200 Wind Vane mounted on a tilt-up tower located on the landowner's property at a height of 20m. This equipment fed into an NRG Wind Explorer data logger. All data plugs were sent into the Governor's Energy Office and then to the University of North Dakota for analysis. All data plug files and text versions of these files are given below.
Raw Wind Data Files |
NRG Data_Plug Files |
Txt Files |
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It is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset. It is also important to note that the temperature was not recorded during this period.
Also, it appears that the wind vane sensor may have failed because most of the time, the wind direction was heading about 90 degrees.
For this data, UND applied an offset of +200 degrees to the wind vane data. This corrected data and wind resource summary report are available here:
From both the UND data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.13. For this data, an offset of +200 degrees was applied to the wind vane data. You can find the Windographer file below:
Wind Resource Summary
Highlights of the wind resource at this site for the entire data collection period are shown below:
Data Properties |
Variable |
Data Set Starts: |
8/6/2004 0:00 |
Height above ground (m) |
20 |
Data Set Ends: |
8/11/2005 0:00 |
Mean wind speed (mph) |
9.62 |
Data Set Duration: |
12.2 months |
Median wind speed (mph) |
9.41 |
Length of Time Step: |
10 minutes |
Min wind speed (mph) |
0 |
Elevation (ft.): |
5,705 |
Max wind speed (mph) |
33.24 |
Calm threshold (mph): |
0 |
Mean power density (W/m²) |
89 |
Wind Power Coefficients |
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr) |
777 |
Power Density at 50m: |
130 W/m² |
Energy pattern factor |
2.158 |
Wind Power Class: |
1 (Poor) |
Weibull k |
1.546 |
Wind Shear Coefficients |
Weibull c (mph) |
10.61 |
Power Law Exponent: |
0.14 |
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient |
0.771 |
Surface Roughness: |
0.01 m |
Diurnal pattern strength |
0.349 |
Roughness Class: |
0.780 |
Hour of peak wind speed |
4 |
Roughness Description: |
Rough Pasture |
Mean turbulence intensity |
0.261 |
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Standard deviation (mph) |
5.87 |
Coefficient of variation (%) |
61.0 |
Frequency of calms (%) |
4.49 |
Actual observations |
53,182 |
Missing observations |
98 |
Data completeness (%) |
99.8 |
Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights, allowing for losses of about 13%. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.
Turbine |
Rotor
Diameter
meters |
Rotor
Power
kW |
Hub
Height
meters |
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph |
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent |
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent |
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW |
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr |
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
% |
Bergey Excel-R |
6.7 |
7.5 |
20 |
9.62 |
37.5 |
0.06 |
0.85 |
7,432 |
11.3 |
Bergey Excel-S |
6.7 |
10 |
20 |
9.62 |
24.8 |
0.01 |
0.89 |
7,752 |
8.8 |
Bergey XL.1 |
2.5 |
1 |
20 |
9.62 |
14.17 |
0.09 |
0.13 |
1,127 |
12.9 |
Southwest Skystream 3.7 |
3.7 |
1.8 |
20 |
9.62 |
34.59 |
0.0 |
0.26 |
2,288 |
14.5 |
Southwest Whisper 500 |
4.5 |
3 |
20 |
9.62 |
37.50 |
0.07 |
0.45 |
3,903 |
14.9 |
Northern Power NW 100/20 |
20 |
100 |
25 |
9.93 |
45.94 |
0.0 |
7.73 |
67,713 |
7.7 |
Vestas V47 - 660 kW |
47 |
660 |
65 |
11.35 |
30.83 |
0.0 |
89.1 |
780,752 |
13.5 |
GE 1.5s |
70.5 |
1,500 |
80.5 |
11.69 |
35.74 |
0.09 |
169 |
1,478,474 |
11.3 |
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW |
80 |
2,000 |
100 |
12.05 |
34.59 |
0.02 |
309 |
2,702,748 |
15.4 |
GE 2.5xl |
100 |
2,500 |
110 |
12.21 |
29.43 |
0.15 |
449 |
3,934,020 |
18.0 |
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