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PAONIA - 08/06/2004 through 08/10/2005

LOCATION DETAILS
Latitude:
N 38° 52’ 44”
Longitude:
W 107° 35’ 10”
Township:
13 S
Range:
91 W
Section:
32
Elevation (ft.):
5,705
Tower Type:
NRG Tilt-Up
Tower Height:
20 m (65.6 ft)
Vane Offset (deg):
+200°
Direction Basis:
Unknown
Mag. Declination:
10° 56' E, changing by 7' W/yr
Site Number:
0663
Wind Explorer S/N:
0663


DATA DETAILS

August 6, 2004 through August 10, 2005:

The anemometer tower was installed on August 6, 2004. The site was approximately 3/4 mile north of the town of Paonia. The tower was located next to a campground. The sensors were mounted approximately 30 feet below the top of the tower. A small wind turbine was installed at the top of the tower. Trees and buildings surround the site. All data was collected using an NRG #40 Anemometer and NRG #200 Wind Vane mounted on a tilt-up tower located on the landowner's property at a height of 20m. This equipment fed into an NRG Wind Explorer data logger. All data plugs were sent into the Governor's Energy Office and then to the University of North Dakota for analysis. All data plug files and text versions of these files are given below.

Raw Wind Data Files
NRG Data_Plug Files
Txt Files

It is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset. It is also important to note that the temperature was not recorded during this period.

Also, it appears that the wind vane sensor may have failed because most of the time, the wind direction was heading about 90 degrees.

For this data, UND applied an offset of +200 degrees to the wind vane data. This corrected data and wind resource summary report are available here:

From both the UND data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.13. For this data, an offset of +200 degrees was applied to the wind vane data. You can find the Windographer file below:

Wind Resource Summary

Highlights of the wind resource at this site for the entire data collection period are shown below:

Data Properties
Variable
Data Set Starts:
8/6/2004 0:00
Height above ground (m)
20
Data Set Ends:
8/11/2005 0:00
Mean wind speed (mph)
9.62
Data Set Duration:
12.2 months
Median wind speed (mph)
9.41
Length of Time Step:
10 minutes
Min wind speed (mph)
0
Elevation (ft.):
5,705
Max wind speed (mph)
33.24
Calm threshold (mph):
0
Mean power density (W/m²)
89
Wind Power Coefficients
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr)
777
Power Density at 50m:
130 W/m²
Energy pattern factor
2.158
Wind Power Class:
1 (Poor)
Weibull k
1.546
Wind Shear Coefficients
Weibull c (mph)

10.61

Power Law Exponent:
0.14
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient
0.771
Surface Roughness:
0.01 m
Diurnal pattern strength
0.349
Roughness Class:
0.780
Hour of peak wind speed
4
Roughness Description:
Rough Pasture
Mean turbulence intensity
0.261
Standard deviation (mph)
5.87
Coefficient of variation (%)
61.0
Frequency of calms (%)
4.49
Actual observations
53,182
Missing observations
98
Data completeness (%)
99.8

 

Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights, allowing for losses of about 13%. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.

Turbine
Rotor
Diameter
meters
Rotor
Power
kW
Hub
Height
meters
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
%
Bergey Excel-R
6.7
7.5
20
9.62
37.5
0.06
0.85
7,432
11.3
Bergey Excel-S
6.7
10
20
9.62
24.8
0.01
0.89
7,752
8.8
Bergey XL.1
2.5
1
20
9.62
14.17
0.09
0.13
1,127
12.9
Southwest Skystream 3.7
3.7
1.8
20
9.62
34.59
0.0
0.26
2,288
14.5
Southwest Whisper 500
4.5
3
20
9.62
37.50
0.07
0.45
3,903
14.9
Northern Power NW 100/20
20
100
25
9.93
45.94
0.0
7.73
67,713
7.7
Vestas V47 - 660 kW
47
660
65
11.35
30.83
0.0
89.1
780,752
13.5
GE 1.5s
70.5
1,500
80.5
11.69
35.74
0.09
169
1,478,474
11.3
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW
80
2,000
100
12.05
34.59
0.02
309
2,702,748
15.4
GE 2.5xl
100
2,500
110
12.21
29.43
0.15
449
3,934,020
18.0

 

 

 


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