ELIZABETH - 7/3/2006 through 8/13/2011
LOCATION DETAILS |
Latitude: |
N 39° 28.161' or N 39° 28' 9.66" |
Longitude: |
W 104° 31.136' or W 104° 31' 8.16" |
Township: |
7 S |
Range: |
64 W |
Section: |
2 |
Elevation (ft.): |
6,407 |
Tower Type: |
Com tower mounted |
Tower Height: |
30 m (98.4 ft) |
Vane Offset (deg): |
+80° and +270° (see below) |
Direction Basis: |
Mag. North |
Mag. Declination: |
9.133° E |
Wind Explorer S/N: |
1240 |
Site No.: |
1240 |
DATA DETAILS
July 3, 2006 through May 22, 2007:
All data was collected using an NRG #40 Anemometer and NRG #200 Wind Vane mounted on a communications tower located on the landowner's property at a height of 30m. This equipment fed into an NRG Wind Explorer data logger. Data plugs were sent into the Governor's Energy Office and then to the University of North Dakota for analysis. The data plug files and text versions of these files are given below.
It is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset. It is also important to note that the temperature was not recorded during this period.
For this data, UND applied an offset of +270° to the wind vane data until April 9, 2007. For the period from April 9, 2007 through May 22, 2007, no offset was applied. This data and wind resource summary report are available here:
May 22, 2007 through August 13, 2011:
CSU was chosen as the new contractor for the program on September 14, 2007. Data collected since September 14, 2007 is given below:
Again, it is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset or temperature.
From both the UND and CSU data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed for the period from July 3, 2006 through October 15, 2007 using Windographer 1.13. For this data, an offset of 270° was applied to the wind vane data. The summary report, the combined data file, and the Windographer files are listed below:
In addition, a wind resource report was developed for the period from July 3, 2006 through December 26, 2007 using Windographer 1.13. Again, an offset of +270° was applied to the wind vane data
For this report, a data validation analysis similar to the UND analysis was performed for the data from July 3, 2006 through December 26, 2006. This data was filtered two ways:
- Any wind speed data where the wind speed was less than 1 mph for 3 hours or more was deleted.
- Any wind direction data where the wind direction varied by less than 10° over 6 hours was deleted
Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data. The combined data files (with and without the data validation analysis), and the Windographer files (with and without the data validation analysis) are given below:
For the most recent data, the raw data plug files from UND were combined with subsequent raw data plug files this report to correct the offset issue with the UND data from April 9, 2007 through May 22, 2007. A data validation analysis was performed on all data from July 3, 2006 through March 7, 2008. This data was filtered two ways:
- Any wind speed data where the wind speed was less than 1 mph for 3 hours or more was deleted.
- Any wind direction data where the wind direction varied by less than 5° over 8 hours was deleted
Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data. Please note the following caveats:
- The data from March 3, 2008 at 4:30 p.m. through July 29, 2008 at 8:40 a.m. is missing due to a data plug lost in the mail. For this interval, the blank data was included and synthetic data was not included.
- During a visit to the site on May 20, 2009, the offset was checked. When the datalogger was reading 31°, an electronic compass showed that the wind vane was pointed about 111° magnetic north . Thus, the actual offset is 111° - 31° = 80°. This new offset was then applied to all raw data as part of the data validation analysis using using Windographer 1.49.
- The data plug that was collected on April 14, 2010 was full when collected. The data was collected through midnight on February 28, 2010. As such there is a gap in the data from 00:00 on March 1, 2010 through 14:30 on April 14, 2010.
- The data plug collected in August 13, 2011 showed that the readings from the anemometer started to become very spotty starting on May 12, 2011. There would be occasions when the anemometer appeared to running well followed by long periods when the anemometer was no recording any wind. A loose connection or a failure of the anemometer is suspected and would not be unexpected given that the sensor has been in place for five years. This suspect wind speed data from 18:30 on May 12, 2011 at 18:30 through August 3, 2011 at 17:20 was removed and synthetic data was not included.
The combined data files (with and without the data validation analysis), and the Windographer 1.49 files (with and without the data validation analysis) are given below:
Interim Wind Resource Summary
Highlights of the wind resource at this site from July 3, 2006 through the most recent data are shown below:
Data Properties |
Variable |
Data Set Starts: |
7/3/2006 14:40 MDT |
Height above ground (m) |
30 |
Data Set Ends: |
8/13/2011 17:30 |
Mean 10 min avg. wind speed (mph) |
14.216 |
Data Set Duration: |
5.1 years |
Median 10 min avg. wind speed (mph) |
13.300 |
Length of Time Step: |
10 minutes |
Min 10 min avg. wind speed (mph) |
0 |
Elevation: |
6,407 ft (1,953 m) |
Max 10 min avg. wind speed (mph) |
68.70 |
Mean air density (kg/m³): |
1.014 |
Mean power density (W/m²) |
245 |
Wind Power Coefficients |
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr) |
2,144 |
Power Density at 50m: |
303 W/m² |
Energy pattern factor |
1.885 |
Wind Power Class: |
3 (Fair) |
Weibull k |
2.039 |
Wind Shear Coefficients |
Weibull c (mph) |
16.043 |
Power Law Exponent: |
0.121 |
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient |
0.801 |
Surface Roughness: |
0.01 m |
Diurnal pattern strength |
0.107 |
Roughness Class: |
0.780 |
Hour of peak wind speed |
23 |
Roughness Description: |
Rough Pasture |
Mean turbulence intensity |
0.1363 |
Note: The wind power density and wind power class at 50m are projections of the data from 30m. A surface roughness of 0.01 meters was assumed for this projection. This is equal to that of a rough pasture. This value was then used this to calculate the roughness class and the power law exponent shown above.
|
Standard deviation (mph) |
7.294 |
Total data elements |
806,595 |
Suspect/missing elements |
103,030 |
Data completeness (%) |
87.2 |
Probability Distribution Function at 30m: Frequency (%) vs. Wind Speed |
Vertical Wind Shear, Height (m) vs Mean Wind Speed (mph)
|
Wind Energy Rose at 30 meters
|
Wind Frequency Rose at 30 meters
|
Daily Wind Speed Profile at 30m, Hourly Mean Wind Speed (mph) vs. Hour of the Day |
Seasonal Wind Speed Profile at 30m, Monthly Mean Wind Speed (m/s) vs. Month
|
Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.
Turbine |
Rotor
Diameter
meters |
Rotor
Power
kW |
Hub
Height
meters |
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph |
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent |
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent |
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW |
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr |
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
% |
Bergey Excel-R |
6.7 |
7.5 |
30 |
14.22 |
17.1 |
5.0 |
2.2 |
18,900 |
28.8 |
Bergey Excel-S |
6.7 |
10 |
30 |
14.22 |
7.2 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
20,400 |
23.3 |
Bergey XL.1 |
2.5 |
1 |
30 |
14.22 |
2.2 |
7.2 |
0.3 |
2,800 |
32.3 |
Southwest Skystream 3.7 |
3.7 |
1.8 |
30 |
14.22 |
15.1 |
0.0 |
0.6 |
5,000 |
31.8 |
Southwest Whisper 500 |
4.5 |
3 |
30 |
14.22 |
17.1 |
6.1 |
1.0 |
9,000 |
34.3 |
Northern Power NW 100/21 |
21 |
100 |
37 |
14.58 |
14.1 |
0.0 |
24.5 |
214,900 |
24.5 |
Vestas V47 - 660 kW |
47 |
660 |
65 |
15.61 |
13.9 |
0.6 |
184.1 |
1,612,400 |
27.9 |
GE 1.5s |
70.5 |
1,500 |
80.5 |
16.02 |
18.4 |
4.7 |
380.9 |
3,336,900 |
25.4 |
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW |
80 |
2,000 |
100 |
16.45 |
17.6 |
2.3 |
610.2 |
5,345,200 |
30.5 |
GE 2.5xl |
100 |
2,500 |
110 |
16.64 |
12.5 |
5.8 |
855.3 |
7,492,700 |
34.2 |
IMPORTANT: No turbine losses are included in the power, energy, and capacity factor values in the table. Typically, turbine losses can be 5-20% to account for maintenance downtime, icing/soiling and losses from other turbines in a wind farm. Users wanting to be conservative in the performance projections should multiply the power, energy, and capacity values by (1- % losses) to account for these losses.
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