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HOLYOKE - 6/21/2006 through 10/6/2007

LOCATION DETAILS
Latitude:
N 40° 20.0844' or N 40° 20’ 5"
Longitude:
W 102° 15.5520' or W 102° 15’ 33"
Township:
4 N
Range:
44 W
Section:
11
Elevation (ft.):
3,777
Tower Type:
NRG Tilt-Up
Tower Height:
30 m (98.4 ft)
Vane Offset (deg):
+46°
Direction Basis:
Mag. North
Site Number:
1241
Wind Explorer S/N:
1241

DATA DETAILS

June 21, 2006 through July 15, 2007:

The anemometer tower was installed on June 21, 2006. The site was located approximately 17.4 miles south of the town of Holyoke and east of U.S. Highway 385. The terrain is relatively flat, with less than 80 feet of relief over a mile. The tower is located in pasture, but cropland can be found immediately north of the site. A farmstead was located about 1,000 feet NNE of the site.

All data was collected using an NRG #40 Anemometer and NRG #200P Wind Vane mounted on a tilt-up tower located on the landowner's property at a height of 30m. This equipment fed into an NRG Wind Explorer data logger. Eight data plugs were sent into the Governor's Energy Office and then to the University of North Dakota for analysis. The dates and times on the first data plug are incorrect, as the date and time were set after the data plug was installed in the datalogger. The times on some of the other data plugs were also changed. The original data plug files and text versions of these files (with corrected dates and times for the first plug and the files for the remaining data plugs corrected to Mountain Standard Time) are given below.

Raw Wind Data Files
NRG Data Plug Files
Txt Files
Holyoke_1241_2006_1112_0203.A06 Holyoke_1241_2006_1112_0203_corrected.txt
Holyoke_1241_2007_0203_0304.A07 Holyoke_1241_2007_0203_0304_corrected.txt
Holyoke_1241_2007_0304_0402.A07 Holyoke_1241_2007_0304_0402_corrected.txt
Holyoke_1241_2007_0402_0506.A07 Holyoke_1241_2007_0402_0506_corrected.txt

It is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset. It is also important to note that the temperature was not recorded during this period.

For this data, UND applied an offset of +46° to the wind vane data. This corrected data and wind resource summary report for the period from June 21, 2006 through November 12, 2006 are available here:

July 15, 2007 through October 6, 2007:

CSU was chosen as the contractor for the program on September 14, 2007. Data collected since September 14, 2007 are given below (with the text files corrected to Mountain Standard Time):

Raw Wind Data Files
NRG Data Plug Files
Txt Files
Holyoke_1241_2007_0901_1006_corrected.txt

Again, it is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset or temperature.

From both the UND and CSU data, an analysis of the wind resource was developed using Windographer 1.13. For this data, an offset of +46° was applied to the wind vane data. For this report, a data quality analysis similar to the UND analysis was performed for the data from for the period from June 21, 2006 through November 12, 2006. This data was filtered two ways:

  1. Any wind speed data where the wind speed was less than 1 mph for 3 hours or more was deleted.
  2. Any wind direction data where the wind direction varied by less than 3 degrees over six hours was deleted

Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data. The summary report, the combined data files (with and without the data quality analysis), and the Windographer files (with and without the data quality analysis) are given below:

Complete Wind Resource Summary

The anemometer tower was removed from the site on October 6, 2007. Highlights of the wind resource at this site for the entire data collection period using the Windographer for the data adjusted for data quality and offset by +46° are shown below:

Data Properties
Variable
Data Set Starts:
6/21/2006 10:40 MST
Height above ground (m)
30
Data Set Ends:
10/6/2007 6:00
Mean wind speed (mph)
13.65
Data Set Duration:
16 months
Median wind speed (mph)
12.90
Length of Time Step:
10 minutes
Min wind speed (mph)
0.54
Elevation (ft.):
3,777
Max wind speed (mph)
50.80
Mean air density (kg/m³):
1.096
Mean power density (W/m²)
228
Wind Power Coefficients
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr)
1,994
Power Density at 50m:
274 W/m²
Energy pattern factor
1.828
Wind Power Class:
2 (Marginal)
Weibull k
2.098
Wind Shear Coefficients
Weibull c (mph)
15.38
Power Law Exponent:
0.121
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient
0.825
Surface Roughness:
0.01 m
Diurnal pattern strength
0.062
Roughness Class:
0.780
Hour of peak wind speed
14
Roughness Description:
Rough Pasture
Mean turbulence intensity
0.144
Note: The wind power density and wind power class at 50m are projections of the data from 30m. A surface roughness of 0.01 meters was assumed for this projection. This is equal to that of a rough pasture. This value was then used this to calculate the roughness class and the power law exponent shown above.
Standard deviation (mph)
6.76
Coefficient of variation (%)
49.5
Frequency of calms (%)
0
Possible records
67,940
Valid records
66,043
Missing records
1,897
Data recovery rate (%)
97.2

 

Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights, allowing for losses of about 13%. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.

Turbine
Rotor
Diameter
meters
Rotor
Power
kW
Hub
Height
meters
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
%
Bergey Excel-R
6.7
7.5
30
13.65
15.14
4.29
1.77
15,500
23.6
Bergey Excel-S
6.7
10
30
13.65
7.39
1.86
1.9
16,600
19.0
Bergey XL.1
2.5
1
30
13.65
2.62
6.12
0.27
2,300
26.5
Southwest Skystream 3.7
3.7
1.8
30
13.65
14.22
0.00
0.50
4,300
27.5
Southwest Whisper 500
4.5
3
30
13.65
15.10
5.19
0.86
7,500
28.6
Northern Power NW 100/20
20
100
30
13.65
24.88
0.00
15.7
137,900
15.7
Vestas V47 - 660 kW
47
660
65
15.21
11.99
0.64
157
1,372,300
23.7
GE 1.5s
70.5
1,500
80.5
15.67
15.58
4.39
321
2,808,900
21.4
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW
80
2,000
100
16.16
14.71
2.07
528
4,621,100
26.4
GE 2.5xl
100
2,500
110
16.37
10.95
5.75
744
6,514,400
29.7

 

 


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Last updated: June 2009
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