COLORADO ANEMOMETER LOAN PROGRAM
 

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STERLING - 7/08/2005 through 11/27/2006

LOCATION DETAILS
Latitude:
N 40° 39’ 58”
Longitude:
W 103° 21’ 41”
Township:
8 N
Range:
53 W
Section:
18
Elevation (ft.):
4,220
Tower Type:
NRG Tilt-Up
Tower Height:
20 m (65.6 ft)
Vane Offset (deg):
+66°
Mag. Declination:
8° 52' E, changing by 8' W/yr
Site Number:
0665
Wind Explorer S/N:
0665
Direction Basis:
Unknown (assumed mag. N)


DATA DETAILS

July 8, 2005 through November 27, 2006:

The anemometer tower was installed on July 8, 2005. The site was 7.5 miles northwest of the town of Sterling, Colorado. The tower wais located in a pasture on the northwest side of a farmstead. Other than a slight rise in terrain to the north of site, the landscape is fairly flat. The farmstead may impact winds from the southeast. Otherwise, the tower had good exposure to the wind.

All data was collected using an NRG #40 Anemometer and NRG #200 Wind Vane mounted on a tilt-up tower located on the landowner's property at a height of 20m. This equipment fed into an NRG Wind Explorer data logger. All data plugs were sent into the Governor's Energy Office and then to the University of North Dakota for analysis. All data plug files and text versions of these files are given below.

Raw Wind Data Files
NRG Data_Plug Files
Txt Files

It is important to note that these are the raw files without any compensation for offset. It is also important to note that the temperature was not recorded during this period.

For this data, UND applied an offset of +66° to the wind vane data. This corrected data and wind resource summary report are available here:

Note that the period of measurement is much different than the period covered in the report. Also, note that one additional data plug was received after the report was published. Finally, note that there is a gap in the data plug files from 3/27.2006 through 5/7/2006. This gap does appear in the corrected data file, but a gap does appera from 5/3/2006 at 7:00 a.m. to 5/7/2006 at 4:10 a.m. From this data, an analysis of the wind resource report was developed using Windographer 1.13. For this data, an offset of +66° was applied to the wind vane data. You can find the Windographer file below:

Another analysis was developed from the corrected UND data by CSU using Windographer 1.13. A data quality analysis was performed for the data from for the period from July 8, 2005 through November 27, 2006. This data was filtered two ways:

  1. Any wind speed data where UND had flagged as suspect data was deleted.
  2. Any wind direction data where where UND had flagged as suspect data was deleted

Windographer was then used to add in synthetic data to these intervals with suspect data. The summary report, the Windographer file with the data quality analysis and the combined data file with the data quality analysis are given below:

Wind Resource Summary

Highlights of the wind resource at this site for the entire data collection period are shown below:

Data Properties
Variable
Data Set Starts:
7/8/2005 0:00
Height above ground (m)
20
Data Set Ends:
11/27/2006 11:20
Mean wind speed (mph)
11.64
Data Set Duration:
16.7 months
Median wind speed (mph)
10.12
Length of Time Step:
10 minutes
Min wind speed (mph)
0
Elevation (ft.):
4,220
Max wind speed (mph)
57.28
Calm threshold (mph):
0
Mean power density (W/m²)
201
Wind Power Coefficients
Mean energy content (kWh/m²/yr)
1,763
Power Density at 50m:
296 W/m²
Energy pattern factor
2.643
Wind Power Class:
2 (Marginal)
Weibull k
1.622
Wind Shear Coefficients
Weibull c (mph)

13.03

Power Law Exponent:
0.14
1-hr autocorrelation coefficient
0.836
Surface Roughness:
0.01 m
Diurnal pattern strength
0.206
Roughness Class:
0.780
Hour of peak wind speed
15
Roughness Description:
Rough Pasture
Mean turbulence intensity
0.199
Standard deviation (mph)
7.54
Coefficient of variation (%)
64.8
Frequency of calms (%)
0.31
Actual observations
73,076
Missing observations
0
Data completeness (%)
100

 

Windographer was used to match up the wind at this site with the performance curves of some common turbines of various sizes and various heights, allowing for losses of about 13%. The table below shows the results. For the larger turbines, the tower height was increased to account for the larger turbine blades - the wind resource was extrapolated to these higher heights. Keep in mind that the larger and the higher the turbine, the better the wind and the greater the output. But of course, as the tower heights and turbine sizes increase so does the cost.

Turbine
Rotor
Diameter
meters
Rotor
Power
kW
Hub
Height
meters
Hub
Height
Wind
Speed
mph
Time
At
Zero
Output
percent
Time
At
Rated
Output
percent
Average
Net
Power
Output
kW
Average
Net
Energy
Output
kWh/yr
Average
Net
Capacity
Factor
%
Bergey Excel-R
6.7
7.5
20
11.64
28.3
3.8
1.25
10,939
16.7
Bergey Excel-S
6.7
10
20
11.64
14.5
2.5
1.42
12,476
14.2
Bergey XL.1
2.5
1
20
11.64
5.7
5.8
0.19
1,700
19.4
Southwest Skystream 3.7
3.7
1.8
20
11.64
26.0
0
0.35
3,105
19.7
Southwest Whisper 500
4.5
3
20
11.64
28.1
4.8
0.63
5,472
20.8
Northern Power NW 100/20
20
100
25
12.01
40.3
0
12.3
107,907
12.3
Vestas V47 - 660 kW
47
660
65
13.73
21.1
1.6
126
1,101,785
19.1
GE 1.5s
70.5
1,500
80.5
14.14
26.7
6.1
260
2,280,496
17.4
Vestas V80 - 2.0 MW
80
2,000
100
14.58
25.4
3.9
421
3,687,755
21.0
GE 2.5xl
100
2,500
110
14.77
19.5
6.9
585
5,121,997
23.4

 

 

 


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Last updated: June 2009
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